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�EDITORIAL
You are a citizen of this Indian Nation and so am
I. The Maker has given you gifts just as I am given
gifts. ·Our gifts - talent, skills, ability - represent our
potential as human beings.
What I have been given, I will share with you as
you will share with me. I am not less "skilled" than
you nor more "professional". You are not above me
nor do I look down on you. We are each unique as
the Maker intended. Your knowledge and purpos~ in
this life is different than mine, but not so different
that we cannot live and work together in harmony
toward the same end.
You are born of this land and so am I. We share
the sun, the water, the wind and the endless sky. Our
hearts ache to see our children suffer; to see a grandfather drunk or a young woman bruised from a husband's beating. We share the same joy at seeing the
young people graduate, a family happy and whole, or
a grandmother crooning to her newest grandchild.
Our souls tug at the sound of the drum, the smell of
sweetgrass or the heat of the lodge. Your visions differ from mine but if we shared them, we would find
truth.
We are the people, each with his or her own road
to walk yet leading to the same epicenter. From my
road, I see the center from a different perspective
than you but we both see the center.
You cannot make me walk on your road so I see
as you do. You cannot block my way so I can no
longer walk down mine. But you can tell me what the
view looks like from your perspective. I will tell you
what I see from mine.
And if you see me sitting in the ditch idly playing, please tell me to get up and walk on. If I see you
turning away from the center I can try to point the
way. But if you choose to dance to a different drum,
down a different road entirely, I can do nothing except wish you a safe journey.
And so it is with us. We share a continuity of existance in this land. We care for the future of those
who are not yet born and listen for those who are
gone before. We are thousands of individuals, each
unique but all related. We are walking toward the
same center: a circle without end.
■
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I
EXECUTIVE IN CHARGE OF
COMMUNICA TIONS
Doug Cuthand
Wayne Ahen akew
Cy Standing
JUNE, 1982
VOLUME 12, NUMBER 5
IVAN McNA B
DIRECT OR OF COMMUNICAT IONS
BETH CUTHAND
EDITOR
PAULINE DOUGLAS "
PRODUCTION MANAGE R
TABLE OF CONTENTS
In Memory of Ida McLeod
FSI Executive Meets New Provincial Cabinet
The National Scene
Struck Out: Saskatchewan Chiefs' Treaty Case in Britain
Federal Claims Polic y
From Other Nations
$154 Million Band-Aid
Social Workers Graduate
Indian Education
First Graduation in Seventeen Years
Cultural Day
Everloving Mother Nature
Saskatchewan Indian Nation s Company Developments
Communication of the Future: Telidon
John B. Tootoosis: Ambassador to First Nations
The Feather is Mightier than the Sword
Saskatchewan Indian Federated College
Saskatchewan Indian Community College: Follow-up
District News
Viewpoint by Art Irvine
Farm Talk: Forage Crop s
4-H News
Roses, Pota to Salad and Bologna Sandwiches: A Short Story:
2
3
5
6
7
8
12
14
16
18
19
21
23
29
31
33
34
36
38
41
42
44
47
REPORTERS:
Saskatoon - Gloria Ledoux
Prince Albert - Vacant
Meadow Lake - Vacant
Yorkton - Vacant
Touchwood / File Hills/ Fort Qu' Appelle Vacant
North Battleford - Archie King
Shellbrook Agency - Vacant
SUBSCRIPTIONS &
ADVERTISING CLERK
Susan Wick
TYPESETTING
Adelle Prentice
PUBLICATIONS CO-ORDINATOR
Edgar Thomas
SASKATCHEWAN
■--■~The Olf 1c10I Mon l hly Publ,c:ohon c,I lhe' Ftdt-fo t,on ol So s ~OIC~WO I"! lnd •on\
THE SASKATCHEWANINDIAN
newsmagazine is the official monthly publication of the
Federation of Saskatchewan Indians. The newsmagazine has a Second Class Registration Number
2795 and an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)0048-9204. The newsmagazine represents
divergent views from Indians in this province , signed articles and opinions are the views of the individuals concerned and not necessarily those of the Federation.
EDITORIAL OFFICES
The editorial offices of The Saskatchewan Indian newsmagazine are located in the Saskatchewan
Indian Cultural College , 1030 - ldylwyld Drive North , Saskatoon. All correspondence should be
directed to : The Editor, The Saskatchewan Indian, P.O . Box 3085, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 57K
359 or telephone (306) 244-1146.
REPORTING
The Saskatchewan Indian newsmagazine has an editorial staff of five covering the province of
Saskatchewan. With numerous news stories, sporting events, and social activities to cover ,
reporters may not be able to attend all events local residents wish to have reported . In order to ensure that a reporter is available to cover your event, please notify the editor of this newsmagazine
well in advance of the event.
COVER PHOTO: Mary Makeechak
PRODUCTION
All pre-press production done by Media/Communications, Federation of Saskatchewan Indians.
Printed on a web offset press by Midwest Litho, Saskatoon.
DEADLINES
Deadlines for all material will be the 15th of each month for publication in that month 's edition .
ADVERTISINGRATES
Columnar Inch .. .. ..... .. . . . . ..
Quarter Page. .. ... .. .... .· . ....
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�In Memory of Ida McLeod
by Chief Solomon Sanderson
Ida McLeod was born at Sandy Lake Reserve. It
was here that she came to understand the importance
of being proud and independent. The pride in being
Indian would be necessary for her in later years when
she would leave the Reserve and live in the non-Indian
world. The independence would be necessary for her
when she had to stand up and speak for the education
rights of Indians - a right her forefathers had provided in the treaties.
Ida came from a home that honored the Indian
way of living. She had the fortune to live in the rich
memory of the former great Chief Atahakoop and
with elders suc h as Edwar d Ahenakew.
It was with this background that she left the
reserve and received her education and became a
teacher. She would some day be known as the
"teacher of teachers".
Follow ing her completion of teacher training, she
moved to James Smith and it was there that she
would work, become a wife and become a mother.
During those years at James Smith, she along
with John worked hard to provide the best education
for their family. In the early sixties this meant providing educati on opportunities in what was called the
"joint-schools".
The fight for entrance into the jointschools was based on the facts that the schools on our
reserve had old facilities and were poorly equipped
and, as well, throug hout North America there were
struggle s to provide for greater equality of opportunity throug h the integrat ion of minorities into jointschools.
But when these joint-schools did not provide for
the opportunities as originally expected, Ida became a
leader for greater Indian control of education.
She would say many times in discussing her
children's experience in the joint-schools "John and I
would do what the teacher sa id - we gave our children
2 JUNE, 1982
a quiet place to study, we made sure they did their
homework, we made sure they went to bed on time
-and yet our children and our friends' children were
not passing their grades; something was wrong with
the system''.
It was with this sense of concern that Ida, John
and family left James Smith and moved to Saskatoon.
During their time in Saskatoon, John and Ida would
contribute much to Indian Education.
Ida became a leader in Indian education. On a
personal level she completed her degree and through
her encouragement witnessed with great pride her
family, Garney, Joanne and Barbara Morris becoming
educators in their own right.
But her contribution was great and reached out
to more than just her family. She travelled throughout
the province and talked about Indian education, and
specifically her love - the need and right for Indian
children to know their own language.
Ida established the Indian Language Program - a
program that gave Indian children the opportunity to
maintain their mother tongue. But the program would
do more than provide a right to learn the Indian
language. It gave to us a pride in being Indian. To the
Indian Language Instructors, it was a program that
not only provided personal opportunities to its participants, but provided our Indian communities with
Indian educators. To our people, it was a program
that said we are proud of our heritage and language
and we no longer will hang our heads in shame to
speak our words our way.
Ida was a woman with conviction and determination, but with understanding and compassion. She,
along with John, sacrificed much and provided us so
much more. They were a team that contributed more
than was asked - a team that history will favorably
recognize, and that we will always love. To Ida we
thank you.
■
�FSIN Executive Meets New
Provincial Government
On May 18, a 17 member delegation from the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations met with the
Premier and two of his cabinet
ministers in the new conservative
government of Saskatchewan.
The Tories swept to power on
April 26 in a landslide victory . Their
majority is possibly the largest in
Saskatchewan's history. The Tory
landslide caught everyone by surprise
including
the Tories
themselves.
How Will The Change of
Government Affect Existing
Commitments?
Would the new government
honor Indian rights and continue
the process of intergovernmental
relations was the question foremost
in the minds of the former NDP and
the FSI. Would the Tory government honor funding commitments
made by the NDP totalling more
than $5 million for the 1982-83
fiscal year?
The informal two-hour meeting
took place at the Legislative
buildings in Regina. Premier Grant
Devine, Attorney General Gary
Lane and Mr. Paul Shoenhals,
minister of Culture and Youth,
represented the province. FSIN
delegation included the executive
council, Senators, Chiefs and senior
Indian government bureaucrats.
Indian/Provincial Relationship
The purpose of the meeting was
to establish relations and to share
information . Premier Devine was
briefed on the progress toward
definition of Indian/provincial relations to date. Chief Sol Sanderson
cited the Memorandum of Intent
signed between the province of
Saskatchewan and the Federation of
Saskatchewan Indians on April
23rd, 1981. The historic memorandum laid down the ground rules for
future Indian/provincial relations.
It outlined principles agreed upon
by both parties honoring the spirit
and intent of the treaties. It instituted an annual budget process to
be followed. It created the Tier I
and Tier II committee process as the
structure within which the Indian/provinr.ial relationship would
be conducted and communication
between them take place.
Premier Devine agreed to meet
twice yearly with the Federation to
discuss issues of mutual concern.
Among the outstanding issues is
that of resource/revenue sharing
which Chief Sanderson raised as a
point of information.
The Feder:ation tabled documents
covering
all
negotiations,
agreements and fiscal arrangements
made with the previous government.
Though no commitments regarding
funding were made by the new
government, Premier Devine promised to review current funding
policies within two months.
Many topics were discussed during the two hour meeting. Premier
Devine expressed his enthusiasm
about the World Assembly of First
Nations to be held in Regina, July
18-24. He said he would like to see it
SASKATCHEWAN
INDIAN 3
�Introducing the new Provincial Progressive Conservative Cabinet: (From left to right) George McLeod
-for Northern Saskatchewan and for Tourism and Renewable Resources; Paul Schoenhals - for Urban
Affairs and for Culture and Youth; Colin Thatcher - for Mineral Resources; Gordon Currie for Education and Continuing Education; Joan Duncan for Revenue, Supply and Services and for Government
Services; (front) Eric Berntson for Agriculture; (above) Jim Garner for Highways; Paul Rousseau for
Industry and Commerce; Premier Grant Devine; Pat Smith for Social Services; Bob Pickering for Rural
Affairs; Bob Andrew for Finance; Jack Sandberg for Consumer Affairs and for Co-operative Development; Gary Lane, Attorney General and Minister for Intergovernmental Affairs; Lorne McLaren for
Labour; Graham Taylor for Health and Neil Hardy for the Environment
be a success and that it would reflect
on the province too. In the area of
economics Premier Devine was interested in Sinco Developments. Attorney General Gary Lane urged
FSIN executive to continue negotiation with Sask Tel on Telidon .
4 JUNE , 1982
Overall, Chief Sanderson was
satisfied with the meeting. "It was a
very positive beginning to future
relations," said Chief Sanderson at
a news conference after the talks.
"The rights guaranteed to us under
treaty cross all party lines. I am confident this Government will honor
their commitments to Indian people
and I look forward to the future
growth and definition of Indian/provincial relations."
■
�The National
Sce.ne
There have been big changes at
the national level during the past six
weeks. The Assembly of First Nations became the new National
sfructure,
giving Canada's
576
Chiefs direct say in national politics.
The National Indian Brotherhood
staff and offices have become the
Secretariat to the Assembly.
The Joint Council, made up of a
Chiefs Council and representatives
from each provincial and territorial
organization is the interum ruling
body of the new structure. National
leader David Ahenakew is the
Chairman of the Joint Council.
By the end of June, it is expected
that all regional vice-presidents will
have been elected and will take up
their duties by July 1, 1982.
The Joint Council met May 3 and
4 at the Eel Ground reserve. In nearby Fredericton, New Brunswick, a
Federal/Provincial Territorial Conference on Indian issues was taking
place.
This Conference was the subject
of debate at the First Nations
Assembly held in Penticton in midApril. The Assembly adopted the
position that Indian leadership
would participate in the Conference
provided:
• We attend in our own right, not as
invitees of any other government.
• Our participation must be full,
equal and on-going at all levels of
such · discussions
and their
preparatory meetings.
• Our representatives are to be
chosen by us, not by other governments.
• No decision affecting our rights
may be made without our consent.
• We decide on how our consent is
to be obtained.
• The meeting in Fredericton is not
to be considered in any way related
to the Constitutional Conference in
S. 37(2) of the Canada Act.
The federal government was informed of the decision and responded on April 30. They were not willing to meet those conditions. The
Joint Council met and decided to
make their position clear _to those at-
tending the conference.
David
Ahenakew
addressed
the conference:
There is no legal basis for the involvement
of any provincial
government in our affairs. Yet today, some of us are being asked to
sit down to observe provincial
governments discussing our affairs, our rights, with the federal
government. This is absurd and
totally repugnant to us. It is
another attempt to divide the Indian leadership. ·
The Federal Government has no
mandate from us to discuss our affairs with the provincial governments. Indeed, this m~eting was
called by the provincial governments and we maintain that they
have no right to do that. It is for us
to decide U and when we wish to
speak to the provincial governments. We shall do so at the appropriate time when we and the
federal government have settled
certain unfinished issues. In this
connection, we have sought, ever
since February, and are continuing
to seek, a meeting with the Prime
Minister and his senior constitutional ministers to discuss our proposed solution to the present constitutional
impasse with the
Federal Government. We have offered
a memorandum
of
understanding which includes our
proposed solution.
What we Indians are experiencing is a gradual erosion aimed at
termination of our rights. The
federal government of Canada has
no authority without our consent
to transfer its obli2ations towards
us to any other level of government.
This conference is yet another in
a long series of aggressive acts by
successive federal and provincial
governments upon our right to
self-determination. We want no
part in these mi.serable transactions.
The conference adjourned earlier
than scheduled with assurances
from DIA Minister John Munroe
that full consultation would take .
place regarding constitutional matters relating to Indians.
The Joint Council met again the
following week to decide on future
strategy on Constitutional matters ,
the Local Indian Government Bill
and fiscal arrangements for future
Indian/Federal talks.
The political policy committee,
which became reactivated
this
winter to develop political strategy
on Constitutional matters, will continue to function and will meet June
15, 16 and 17 at Hobemma, Alberta. This committee will be drafting a
new Constitutional document which
will combine the provisions made in
the Indian Amendment Bill and the
memorandum of intent which was
drafted in February for use as a prepatriation proposal. The PPC will
be examining the local government
Bill and will be making its recommendations to the Joint Council
when it meets toward the end of
June in Winnipeg.
Dave Ahenakew has hired Alayne
Bigwin Starblanket as his executive
director and she is assessing future
staff and program requirem ents for
the Secretariat.
■
SASKATCHEWAN
INDIAN 5
�STRUCK OUT
Constitutional Court Action by
Saskatchewan Chiefs Refused in Britain
The British High Court of Justice
has again denied that the Crown in
right of the United Kingdom owes
obligations, under Treaty or otherwise, to the Indian people of
Canada.
In February of this year, Saskatchewan launched a court action in
England seeking declarations that
the treaty agreements and trust relationship between Indian Nations
and the Crown remain in full force
and continue to ·bind the British
Crown. Also sought was a declaration that these treaties were really
international in nature and that no
changes could be made regarding
these treaties without the express
consent of all the parties involved.
In an earlier case of the Indian
Association of Alberta, it had been
conceded that Indian treaties were
not of an international character.
The judges of the British Court of
Appeal in that case were unanimous
that treaty and trust obligations of
the Crown had been transferred
from England to Canada . However
the judges gave quite different
reasons for the transfer and also
about when it should have occurred.
One judge indicated thatthe Crown
had divided in some mysterious way
around 1926. At that time responsibility for Indians was transferred
to the Crown in right of Canada.
The second judge thought it happened in 1867 when Canada formed
its own government. The third judge
felt that it probably happened in
1867 but certainly not later than
1931.
The Crown lawyers moved,
before the Saskatchewan case could
be heard, to strike it out on the basis
that it should be heard in Canada
and not in England. Their primary
argument was that the issue had
already been decided in the case of
the Indian Association of Alberta
and that treaty and trust obligations
were therefore owed by the Crown
in right of Canada and not by the
Crown in right of Great Britain.
The lawyers for Saskatchewan
argued that the Alberta case did not
6 JUNE, 1982
reflect the position of Saskatchewan
Indians and that the case should be
allowed to be heard. So persuasive
was the argument that after the
hearing the Crown lawyers were
prepared to concede that they had
lost their motion.
However, Mr. Justice Megarry
nevertheless somehow felt himself
bound by the earlier decision of the
Court of Appeal. He states that:
"The Crown made obligations
as the Sovereign and with the
diversion and transfer of
sovereignty the obligations are
transferred. That transfer could
have been carried out by statute,
but in this case it was not. I
cannot see that a promise by the
British Crown prevents transfer
of obligations with the transfer of
sovereignty.
The Crown may
carry out these agreements
through its Ministers in Canada
and the Crown in right of
Canac;lamay act as trustee of
these trusts. The Alberta case is
decisive ... "
On the point of the International
status of the treaties, Mr. Justice
Megarry did not feel the need to
comment.
The application of Saskatchewan
Indians .to have their full trial heard
was struck out. Additionally, an
order for court costs was made in
favour of the Crown. Leave to appeal was, however, automatically
granted within two weeks from
when the judgement is entered,
sometime in early June .
The decision whether or not to
appeal must be made by the Constitutional Commission of the FSI
within that time.
■
B.C. and Ontario
Chiefs Appeal
The lawyers for plaintiff Chiefs
of B.C., Manitoba and Ontario
presented arguments at the same
hearing: their case is that Indian
consent to patriation is constitutionally required. They were, too,
defending a move to be struck out
by British lawyers. Justice Megarrie
decided, however, that as the patriation process had been approved by
the British Parliament it was now a
Canadian matter.
B.C. and Treaty 9 Chiefs are appealing. They feel that Justice
Megarriebacked down politically:
he gave a political decision and left
the route open to appeal. At the appeal level, three judges share
responsibility for a major decision.
The plaintiff Chiefs claim that
this decision puts the Canada Bill
back into a state of questionable
validity until their case is heard.
And they feel this is an outcome
worth pursuing. A state of questionable validity will, they hope,
buy time from post-patriation talks
for more emphasis on the seizing of
legislative control for implementation of Indian government. They do
not want to participate at the Clause
37 conference until the questions
they raise are settled. Many bands
have passed resolutions that no one
can speak for them at this conference until that time. None of the
plaintiff chiefs are ready "to go into
'Best Deal Negotiation' yet". They
say they will continue to fight the
issue of Indian consent being legally
required in order to make the
Canada Bill a valid piece of legislation.
■
�of Indian generations yet to come.
In many cases the Crown, either
through design, ineptness, or sheer
oversight, failed to fulfill that
obligation. The loss and resulting
damages suffered by Indian people
constitute claims against the Crown.
New Policy Emphasizes Moral
and Political Obligations
New Federal Claims Policy
For Indians
Indian and Northern Affairs
Minister John C. Munro announced
on May 13, 1982 that the government has reaffirmed and strengthened its commitment to meeting its
lawful obligations
to Indians
through the resolution of specific
claims.
The revised
policy
clearly
establishes the basis for claims, provides guidelines for compensation
and commits the government not to
apply statutes of limitation or the
doctrine of laches to the process of
negotiation.
The government has also substantially increased funding to Indian
associations from $2.2 million in
1981-82 to $3. 7 million in 1982-83.
The loan fund to support the
development and negotiation of accepted claims has been increased as
well. ·starting in 1982-83, $1.5
million annually will be available
for this purpose compared to
$300,000 annually in the three
previous years. These loans are
repayable from the proceeds of
claims settlements.
"Specific" claims result from the
actions of government in the administration of the Indian Act and
treaties, and usually involve the
management of band assets or the
fulfillment of treaty obligations.
The other kind of claims negotiated
by government are referred to as
"comprehensive" and are based on
traditional use and occupancy of
land by native groups. The government's policy on comprehensive
claims was released on December
16, 1981.
The government first introduced
a specific claims policy in 1973, but
it admits that "to date progress in
resolving specific claims has been
very limited.''
FSI Not Consulted
On New Policy
The successful negotiation of
claims must be based on mutually
agreed upon principles for resolution and settlement between the
Crown and Indian people, which
are: 1) Mutually agreed upon interpretation of Treaty agreements, 2)
Formal recognition of the Crown's
trust responsibility for carrying out
Treaty provisions. Although the
Federal Government claims to have
had discussions with Indians for the
formulation of this "new" claims
policy, no such discussions have
taken place between the Indians of
Saskatchewan
and the Federal
Government.
The Federal Government can no
longer continue its old attitudes and
practices of making such policy
decisions in a vacuum. This is
especially true on such a volatile
issue as the long-standing grievances
against the Crown for not maintaining the Treaty provisions and its
trust responsibility with respect to
the administration of Indian lands
and assets.
Under Treaty Agreements, the
Crown assumed Trust Responsibility for the maintenence of Treaty
prov1s1ons. They undertook the
obligation
to "protect"
and
"enhance" Indian Treaty Rights,
Lands and Resources for the benefit
Past Federal claims policy was
based on very narrow legal interpretations of the Go vernment's
responsibilities to Indian people.
Approaches the courts would use in
dealing with the issues have been the
criteria for acceptance or rejection
of claims submitted, The "new"
policy retains many features of this
attitude, but shows signs of changes
.toward more flexibility in moving
away from absolute reliance on legal
prcedure and precedent. The criteria
to be applied in assessing lawful
obligations to bands are spelled out
with more detail and clarity. More
importantly, some of the legal
defences available · to the government to avoid its political and moral
obligations will not be applied to
claims submitted to this procedure
for resolution. Of course, the legal
restrictions should not have been
applied in the first place, but this
does not prevent our appreciating
this new initiative. It point s toward
a fu.cure in which moral and political
criteria will come to the forefront in
the policies of government towa rds
Indian rights.
The "new" policy admit s Federal
liability for the kinds of fraud
perpetrated in Saskatchewan to induce bands to surrender reserve
lands. This is welcome for formal
negotiations to begin on the Indian
land surrenders in Saskatchewan.
Through these, bands were despoiled of a major portion of their land
assets. Our policy has always been
to . demand the return of all lands
lost through these improper procedures; we will not compromise by
accepting cash in lieu of the restoration of our lands.
The Treaties
are political
agreements entered into between the
Crown and Indian Nations, and
have lost none of the force they had
when first made. They continue to
be fully in effect as political
agreements which must be maintained by both parties. Past violations
must be dealt with so that we can get
on with the future development of
Indian people.
■
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 7
�FROM OTHER NATIONS
ITC Claims Victory For "Nunavut"
56 percent of the people in the Northwest Territories voted yes in April to divide the territorial
government into two separate governments. The
dividing line follows largely traditional Inuit/Indian territorial boundaries . The process was an Inuit initiative
but it had the support of the Dene Nation. The Inuit
Tapirisat of Canada claimed the result of a victory for
Nunavat. Nunavut is both the name for the Inuit territory .and for their policy of Inuit jurisdiction of their
traditional arctic lands. In Nunavut the Plebiscite was
seen as a vote for or against the concept of Nunavut.
The result was a resounding yes vote by the Inuit people.
The voting in . other parts of the N. W. T. was more
or less predictable. The Dene supported the Inuit and
the non-Indians opposed Nunavut.
The cause of the relatively "close" vote is to be
found in the "border" communities, like Coppermine,
Cambridge
Bay, Aklavik and McPherson.
ITC
sp9kespeople claim that the Federal government exaggerated the confusion over boundaries here. Certainly
there are long-standing Indian/Inuit boundary disputes
but both the Inuit and Indian governments feel this is a
matter to be settled between themselves, in the communities concerned. While the Indigenous vote for
Nunavut was clear, there is however, some concern that
the Federal government will make an issue of the
"close" 56-44 percent vote as an excuse to delay work
towards "Nunavut".
■
Tapping Community
Project Funding
From Fr. Simpson, N.W.T.: To prepare communities
for the impact of a possible "Norman Wells Pipeline",
the Federal Government is offering them $16 million for
education and training, for community planning and
for community and social development. The first 75,000
was taken by the Dene Nation and NWT Metis Association for distribution in order to make sure that the
money didn't just stay in the territorial coffers to be
spent in Yellowknife.
Chief Jim Antoine of Ft. Simpson, however, sees
the two organizations as having done just this of this initial funding, only one quarter is available to the communities. The rest was spent on the Dene Assembly,
salaries and regional and leadership meetings. A
number of the communities are angry. However the
issue was raised on the last afternoon of the Assembly
when communities were told how much they were getting and how the rest was spent. Few complai ned then.
A Needs and A sessment Committee was organized
to distribute the money to the communities, consisting
of representative s from the regions as well as the two
organizations. However the Dene Nation didn't go
through the committee to skim off about $400,000.
8 JUNE , 1982
NATIONAL
Some Chiefs and band councillors are now saying
that as the communities are going to be receiving most
of the impact of the Norman Wells project, more of the
initial funding should have been streamlined their way.
"It's not the concern of Yellowknife which is 500 miles
away to decide how to spend the money,'' charges Chief
Antoine.
■
Chief Ousted For Promises
He Couldn't Keep
Fort Good Hope, NWT: After iust one month in
office, the new Chief here was replaced in a special
meeting of the Council and residents. Ex~chief Wilfred
Jackson had never been active in Band or community
matters and rarely attended meetings. He ran for office,
however, on a promise he couldn't keep: that was to
freeze all trapping land around the community.
A land freeze has already been tried twice by both
the Dene Nation and the ITC. Both tries were unsuccessful because of court rulings.
One of the Band Councillors explained that "part
of the problem was that the old people feel as if they are
being left behind. They voted for Jackson because they
hoped he could slow things down by restricting development and controlling the influx of white people".
■
Kenora: Whitedog
Band Compensation
How much is Indian life worth? The people of
Whitedog Reserve have been involved in negotiations
for the past three years over compensation for the loss
of their health, their way of life and possibly their traditional land. The issues first came to public attention
when the level of mercury pollution in the river on
which they depended rose to highly dangerous levels.
The mercury affected the fish on which the people
depended for living. The people themselves were being
poisoned; Minimata mercury poisoning is slow but
deadly.
As a result of the publicity generated by the two
bands most affected in the area, the Whitedog and
Grassy Narrow band, by Indian organizations and the
environmentalists, compensation negotiations began
between the federal and Ontario provincial governments
and the bands. The bands also began negotiations with
Ontario Hydro, Great Lakes Forest Products and the
Reed Paper company ·who were implicated in the mercury pollution, and also issues like flooding and fluctuating river levels. These negotiations have not reached
any conclusion yet.
However, the Whitedog Band has reached an
agreement with the Department of Indian Affairs. A
$1.5 million dollar cash settlement is a major feature.
The money will be held by the Band corporation to be
invested and used for development projects. Details of
the fund are to be worked out between DIA and the
Band.
�INTERNATl()NAL
$50 Million River Damage
Lawsuit Pending
From the 'Indian Voice' of Washington State:
The Muckleshoot Tribe has sued the Puget Sound
Power and Light Company for $50 million for expropriating the tribe's Stuck-White River since 1911.
The case was first filed in 1972 but the power company
managed to keep the case unheard for ten years by questioning anyone ' s jurisdiction over their project license.
They finally lost the argument under laws covering
damage to fish habitat.
The Puget Sound hydro-electric project, which
diverted 17 miles of Stuck -White River since 1911, has
totally devastated the salmon runs that made the river
famou s in the last century. The Muckle shoot Tribe was
locat ed on its reservation in a state of dependency on the
fish of Stuck -Wh ite river in 1857. The accompanying
legislation made very clear that the river was for ''the
exclusive use of the India _ns in that locality'' . The people
had been forced to leave their ancestral fishing grounds
as conflicts arose with settlers. The tribe was driven off
by the U.S. cavalry at gunpoint and relocated around
the Stuck -White river becau se of the fishing there.
However in 1911 the power company diverted the
river to make hydroelectric dams. The result was the
death of the salmon and the starvation and degradation
of the Muckleshoo t tr ibe . The power company said it
The Agreement also calls for increased monitoring
for and analysis of mercury con tamination in the people
and the fish. Relo cation of reserve residents is also
under study.
The purpose of the cash settlement is the social and
economic rehabilitation of the reserve . For example, the
agreement includes establishment of a woman's craft
program , a restaurant , a special winter works project
and the building of a children ' s group home, to be administered by the band. A federally-funded education
consultant has been hired to work on plans for a reserve
high school and an education program .
The agreem ent is subject to ratification by band
members.
■
Defending Aboriginal Jurisdiction
on Traditional Territory
Fernie, B.C.: On June 9th, 1982, the small courtroom
here will be packed with Kutenai Indians . The issue is
their aboriginal right to travel freely in their traditional
territory.
The Tobacco Plain s reserve is on the Canadian /
U.S.A . bo rder. This bo rder arbitrarily cuts the Kutenai
had "bought" the rights from a few Muckleshoot individuals. The transactions had been "approved" by
the state (similar to provincial) government.
Every day the people see their section of the river
stretching like a dry gulch of rocks scarring their land, a
constant reminder of broken promises and destruction.
Every now and again, when the dam is full, the river is
re-diverted to its old course, causing flash floods fo
which the people have been injured and one drowned.
The Tribe's fishermen soon began to trickle back to
their ancestral grounds and fish at night, poaching for a
living on their "usual and accustomed" fishing stations
that were provided for them in the treaty C\f1854/55.
By fishing here, the tribal fishermen provoked the
controversies and endless jailings and court hearings
that led to a federal court case: the United States against
the state of Washington. This ended with the famous
"Boldt Decision" that affirmed the Indian Treaty Right
to 50 percent of the fish in the state. F Jrther legislation
that followed on this decision made it possible for Indians to defend fish habitats in court. It was this legislation that fin-ally has forced the Puget Sound Power and
Light Company to answer for its actions in court.
The tribe is asking in court for:
• $20,000,000 for wrongful diversion of the river
• $20,000,000 for converting the tribe's water to pr9fitable use by the company;
··
• $5,000,000 for profits that went to -the company instead of the tribe;
• $5,000,000 in punitive damages.
The date for the Court hearing has yet to be set. ■
territory in half. Canadian immigration has a customs
office on the reserve. It closes at midnight. There is a
back road on the reserve that crosses into the States and
·after hours this is the most conveniant route home,
coming or going. The people of the nearby St. Mary's
reserve used the same route. This has been going on for
a long time but apparently the immigration officers felt
affronted and -one night they had the RCMP set up a
trap on the back road. A number of Indian people were
arrested that night. They were charged under the Immigration Act with coming into Canada at a place other
than the port of entry and failing to report to an immigration officer.
The Kutenai people are pleading not guilty. The
Kutenai Indian area council is supporting them. The International border divides the Kutenai nation, people
have close family on each side of a line that is artificial
for them. They have the right to cross their traditional
lands as they always have . It is an aboriginal right. It
was never surrendered by the Indian nations. There
were no negotiations with the Kutenai nation about the
division of their families; there was no Indian consent
that this line go right through their territory.
Members of the Kutenai nation from south of this
border line will also be in support at the courtroom on
June 9th .
■
SASKA TC H EWAN INDIAN 9
�1st Annual Keeseekoose
Powwo -w
JULY 2 - 3 - 4
Keeseekoose Sports Grounds
11 miles north of Kamsack
11 miles south of Pelly
$6,300 in prize money
Drums paid daify
M.C. will speak Dakota, Cree and Saulteaux
Rations (Saturday & Sunday)
*
*
-Eliminations daily
-Dancers must enter
in one category
only
-Grand entry, daily,
2:00 p.in. & 7:00 p.m.
-First grand entry
Friday, Jul. 2, 7 p.m.
-Host drum, Lone
Eagle Singers
AGES 18 AND OVER
Men's Fancy
Ladies Fancy
Men's Traditional
Ladies Traditional
1st - $600.00
2nd - $400.00
3rd - $200.00
1st - $400.00
2nd - $250.00
3rd - $100.00
I st - $600.00
2nd - $400.00
3rd - $200.00
I st - $400.00
2nd - $250.00
3rd $100.00
AGE: 14 TO 18 YEARS OLD
Boy's Fancy
Girl's Fancy
Boy 's Traditional
Girl's Traditional
1st - $150.00
2nd - $100.00
3rd - $50.00
1st - $150.00
2nd - $100.00
3rd - $50.00
1st - $150.00
2nd - $100.00
3rd - $50.00
1st - $150.00
2nd -$100.00 1
3rd - $50.00
AGE: 9 TO 13 YEARS OLD
Boy's Fancy
Girl's Fancy
Boy 's Traditional
Girl's Traditional
1st - $75.00
2nd -$50.00
3rd - $25.00
1st - $75.00
2nd -$50.00
3rd - $25.00
1st - $75.00
2nd -$50.00
3rd - $25.00
1st - $75.00
2nd -$50.00 .
3rd - $25.00
AGE: 1 TO 8 YEARS OLD
Boy's Fancy
Girl's Fancy
Boy's Traditional
Girl's Traditional
1st - $75.00
2nd - $50.00
3rd - $25.00
1st - $75.00
2nd - $50.00
3rd - $25.00
1st - $75.00
2nd - $50.00
3rd - $25.00
1st - $75.00
2nd - $50.00
3rd - $25.00
-Concessions on the grounds.
Princess Pageant
*·
*
For more information call (306) 542-2516 or (306) 542-3887
Henry George Musqua, advisor, -332-5628; president, Theodore Quewezance;
vice-president, Jerry Straightnose; secretary, Albert Keshane; treasurer, Freddy
Quewezance.
.
*
10 JUNE, 1982
No liquor or drugs
for accidents
·*
*·
Committee not ·responsible
RCMP in attenda.nce
- l_
�Saskatchewan
·Indian
PROVINCIAL
FAIRAND
KEYCENTENNIAL
CELEBRATIONS
00000000000000000000000000000
000000000
00000
·co
ooooooooaaooo
c coco
cc
coot
o on
0000
FRI., SAT., SUN.- AUG. e,7, 8
ooooooooooooo44;4040000444444404444044;4400404444
* 6 ½ miles south,½
---
~-ZE
TOTAL PRI
MONEY
$14,200
Men's
Traditional
$1 ,000 • $800 ° s 7oo
Men'sFancx00
s1,ooo• $800 • s
Ladles'
· Traditional
$800 • s100 • $600
Ladles•Fancv
$800 •
s100• s6oo
,
Boys
Traditional
9 to 16
$600 • $500 • S400
Boys''Fancy
9 to 16
$600 • $500 • $400
Girls'
al
Tradlti on
9 to 165400
$600 • 5500 •
Girls' Fancy
9 to 16
$600 • S500 • $400
oooosoosoooooJooooooooooooooo
mile west and 3 south of Norquay OR
5 miles north, 10 miles east, 3 miles
north, 4 miles east of Cano'ra
-~----*
Boys'
Traditional
1 toB
Split$500
Boys' Fancy
1 to 8
Split $500
Girls'
Traditional
1 to 8
split s5oo
' F cy
Girls an
1 to 8
*
44444444444400044
Split$500
Dancers must
register ohly In
one category•
Singers, dancers and Tee-Pee
owners tree.
-Singers and
dancers must
register by noon
Sat., Aug. 7, to be
eligible by point
system.
-First Grand En•
try, Fri., Aug. 6,
7:00 .m.
*
-lndlan Princess
Pageant .
-Flag raising and
flag lowering
dally. -Pipe
ceremonies 8:00
s.m.dally.
-Spiritual lead·
ers In attendance.
-First aid on
ground• and am·
bulance.
-Judges to be
selected and paid
dally.
-Grand entry
dally, 1-7:00.
-Contrrmed host
drum, Big Sky
Singers.
-Registration
closes noon ,
Saturday, Aug.
7/82. No excep·
tlons, no calls.
-Giveaway,
Sun., Aug. 8/82,
g:OOa.m.-Flrst 9
drums registered
wlll be paid $200
dally.
•••••••••••
-3 MAJOR EVENTSOPEN MEN'S AND LADIES' FASTBALL
(first 24 teams)
~
ADMISSION:
$3 per day!
(Powwow
participants
exempt)
Seniors - Free
·Students • $2.00
.~-... *~ ;'.
C
International
POW
•Mike Pinay, File Hills
•Gordon Morriseau,
Sioux Valley
•Percy Sangrey, Saskatoon
· Rodeo
-i:~:=~~~~~~~and
-Participation
of cultural groups
on grounds· - limited to 8
-Please bring your own tables and chairs
-Agricultural displays, prizesand rlbb
.
-4H•H Club In attendance. prizes and rl:;:~s
- orse pulls. prizes!
•
-Pioneer displays, arts and crafts and
. antiques.
.
$1,000 in prizes!
~
ALL-IN DIAN
wow
******
SQUARE DANCE
AND FIDDLING
COMPETITIONS
All entries must be submitted
by July 23 to the Centenn ial
Co- ordinator.
Professional
.E
·
~
1
~'°BANQUET-FRl.&SAT.,AUG.6&7/82
·
·-:·-~TEE PEE{! _,,
···":::\i
v1LLAGE
\/··
-G~e~t speaker to be arranged
-L,m,ted tickets tor banquet.
*
-D~nce, 9 to 1, Native Country featuring
Deddy Boy on fiddle, $5.00/person
ance, 9 to 1, band to be arranged
$5.00/person.
'
EVERYONE WELCOME!
For more inform ation contact
Louis Taypotat, Broadview , Sask.,
P.O. Box 367,SOB0K0
Phone 696-3517
or 696:3404
-First 20 Tee-Pees will be
paid $100.00 daily!
-Water, wood and Tee
poles supplied
OPEN PONY
*
CHUCKWAGON
RACES - $5,000
IN PRIZE MONEY
**OPEN**
THOROUGHBRED
. RACING AND
IN DIAN PONY
-250-lb. jockeys
$5 ooo
in
SPECIAL RACE priz~ money\
~~,!O~!n tot~/ 11rlzemoney•
OPEN MEN'S
*
*
:~~i
~nd security
1
attendance .
***
For more Infor mation and entr ies
contact:
Centennial
Co-ordinator
Campbell
Papequash,
Box 70,
Key Saulteaux Band
Norquay . Sask.
S0A 2V0
'
Phone 594-2915
or
Key Band
Phone 594-2020
,
FASTBALL
DAY RESERVE
(oouBLE KNocKouT)
F
t
, '
:
*
I
•
•
OPEN LADIES'
FS~dST
BALL
8
f ' e
teams}
,rs ········
· ··· ····· · $1,700* (DOUBLE KNOCKOUT)
Second
" t ...........
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1'300*F lfS
$1 000
Third .....
Fourth
. ... . ... ' . ....
s'100
* • ·········$400
***Fourth ........... $200
$9oo*Second .
M~~.~16-,e~~s•·
... $500* Third ............
SJoo.ooentryte~.
T~~~;!:~~~~=e~~~ed
$150 entry fee,
to the best dressed team /
non-refundable!
•A ll entries and certHled oneques or mo
Lawrence Keshane. Box 70. Norquay Sas~•~;d;~s0 must l>e Sul>mlttea in writing to
·
·•
or phone 594-2020 by July 23182_
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 11
�I
ESSAY
$154 Million Band Aid
Earlier this spring, Monique Begin, Minister of National Health and Welfare, and John Munroe announced $154 million would be made available within the next
5 years to fight alcohol and drug abuse. In addition the
federal government has made available $345 million for
"Native Economic Development" over the next three
years.
Alcohol and drug abuse is a symptom of a
more insidious disease
At the time Ms. Begin said "My colleague and I
both believe that only through a comprehensive strategy
involving the efforts of several federal departments and
various levels of government will our native people
become self-reliant in all aspects of life, including
health."
On the surface it would seem to your average Canadian liberal on the street that the latest move by the
federal government makes sense. But what Joe Public
fails to see is that millions of dollars administered bv
people other than ourselves, by their criteria, not our
own, will not solve the basic problem.
The Ministers assure us in the words of Ms. Begin,
"that the way to do it is to support greater involvement
by native people and groups in their own health programs". The new Indian Health Policy "recognizes the
need to increase the level of Indian communities to a
standard enjoyed by other Canadians". So noble a sentiment in the latter part of the 20th Century, given the
federal government's track record in Indian Health,
could be seen as commendable.
12 JUNE, 1982
In the early days, health care was never a priority
much less a concern among government officials as long
as the Indians did not pose a threat to the early settlers.
Perhaps it was a blessing in disguise in the beginning
that Indians were left to fend for themselves as they had
for centuries; they obviously did well with their own
forms of medicine and healing and led healthier lives in
the outdoors. However, once they were placed on
reserves and exposed to foreign diseases such as T.B.
and smallpox, which were brought by the settlers, it was
devastating. It wiped out families and reduced the
population in great numbers.
It then became apparent to government that,
before they re-infected the "non-Indians",
some consideration had to be given to Indian health needs and
services.
Although the government claimed they had no legal
obligation to provide these services some believed they
had a "moral" obligation to do something. Health -Services was part of the Indian Affairs administration;
beside the Indian agents were also the health and sanitation officers. It wasn't till 1945 that responsibility for
Indian health was transferred from Indian Affairs to
Health and Welfare. Even at the time, it was felt that
Long term solutions are ignored in the haste to
settle short term problems.
this move was unfortunate. Why one department should
be responsible for all other services and another department responsible for health was not logical. It was obvious then and it is obvious now that if the housing,
sanitation and social issues are not up to par, they create
more health problems.
�Since health officials were continuously adamant
that they had no legal responsibility to Indian people,
no sincere effort was made to change things drastically,
like pressuring D.I.A. to improve housing and sanitation according to the real needs as they saw them.
According to Dr. Melvin Lavallee, newly appointed
Director of Health for the FSI, the health of Indian people has not improved but deteriorated in the past ten
years.
There is no recognition of the rights of Indian
Governments to determine the best use for
Health Care funding.
The bottom line is there is no recognition of the
rights of Indian governments to determine the best uses
for Health Care funding. "Greater involvement by
native people and groups" is a fine liberal sentiment
which glosses over the essential principle of Indian Control of Indian health by our own duly elect_ed govern-
''Some of the staff in Indian health are not
supportive of this new concept of Indian
control.''
ments. According to a reliable Ottawa source within
National Health and Welfare "some of the staff in Indian Health are not entirely convinced nor supportive of
this new concept of Indian control. It boils down to
scepticism of Indian's capability in handling "taxpayers" money. Most fear for their own security and
future. How many of them really want to work
themselves out of a job?"
Despite the meager efforts of the proposed new Indian Health Policy in the 70's, the 80's look bleak. The
The bureaucracy will only consider new ideas in
a response to a crisis.
economic picture is generally bad. Health care costs
continue to escalate. Attempts were made to curb costs
by imposing guidelines in the mid 70's on what was considered "uninsured health services". This caused such a
fervor and became such a highly volatile political issue
that the guidelines had to be withdrawn. "The
bureaucracy can go on and on forever and a day until a
crisis happens,"
says our Ottawa source. "The
guidelines issue was a crisis for the bureaucracy and they
were forced to look at new ideas. That's how it is. The.
bureaucracy will only consider new ideas in a response
to crisis.''
As in the case with a crisis mentality, long term
solutions are ignored in the haste to settle short term
problems. The new Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program ·
of the National Health and Welfare is a case in point.
Alcohol and drug abuse is a symptom of a more insidious disease that comes into being when a people is
not longer in control of their own lives. The failure of
non-Indian governments to recognize the right of a people to be self-determining, to control their own
destinies, will only lead to more of the same problems
that have plagued us for the last 150 years. Drug and
Alcohol abuse will continue to run rampant. For every
drunk who dries up because of the $154 million, one
more will take his/her place so long as the root causes of
the problem are not examined and long term creative
solutions are not addressed jointly by Indian and nonIndian governments.
What do you think?
Write to The Editor
Saskatchewan Indian
Box 3085
Saskatoon, Sask.
S7K 3S9
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 13
�1982 ISWEP Grads: (left to right) Nancy Jean Custer, Myra Hart, Georgina Iron, Wilma Bourassa,
Delvina Wahweaye, Michelle Marchand, Pearl Marsden, Arsene Tootoosis and Harold McNab.
Missing Carol Ledoux, Angelique Michel and Joyce Naytowhow.
Social Workers Graduate
There are fourteen more Indian
social workers ready and able to
tackle the challenges of the working
world now that the Indian Social
Work Education Program (ISWEP)
has graduated its largest class ever.
The 1982 ISWEP graduation took
place on May 21 at the Bessborough
Hotel in Saskatoon. The day long
celebration began at 7: 15 with a pipe
ceremony in the Bessborough
Gardens followed by a graduation
breakfast which was described by
one participant as "real good
grub' '.
Early in the afternoon,
the
graduates were presented with their
certificates in a colorful ceremony
outside in the gardens. Proud family
and friends observed the presentations and everyone participated in
the victory dance to mark the happy
occasion. A reception followed.
But by far the biggest event of the ·
day was the Banquet and dance held
in the evening. It was a happy,
heartfelt, human occasion with
great food and good company. I van
McNab, Master of Ceremonies, was
quietly dignified and handled the
proceedings in fine style.
Unfortunately
guest speaker,
David Ahenakew, .newly elected na14 JUNE, 1982
tional leader of the Assembly of
First Nations, w~s unable to attend.
Doug Cuthand,
FSI executive
member, filled in for him at his request. Mr. Cuthand payed homage
to the family and friends of ·the
graduates. "Without the support of
family and friends, these graduates
would not be here tonight. They are
to be commended,'' he said.
Farewell Speech by
Thelma Tootoosis:
Thelma Tootoosis, acting coordinator of ·ISWEP, urged the
graduates to remember the teaching
of the elders and to hold on to their
long term goals lest they become
overburdened by the problems they
encounter in social work.
Ms. Tootoosis who holds a
Bachelor of · Social Work degree
from the University of Regina has
worked with ISWEP since May '79.
She announced she will be leaving at
the end of July to continue her·
education. Her speech got all tearfull as she bade farewell to the
students
and staff.
But she
recovered to present the traditional
ISWEP gifts to the grads later in the
evening.
There were 11 people receiving
their certificate of Indian Social
Work. The certificate marks completion of two years course of
studies. At this point they can go
out and work in their chosen profession or opt for another 2 years of
study to earn a Bachelor of Indian
Social Work. Nine students completed the requirements for their
B.I.S. W. this year. As well students
wishing to earn a Bachelor of
Education degree in Indian Education take some of their classes with
the ISWEP group.
Thelma Musqua
Gives Valedictorian:
This year's valedictorian was
Thelma Musqua of the Keeseekoose
reserve. She was chosen unanimously by the student graduation committee on the basis of her academic
and social skills as well as her ability
in public speaking.
Mrs. Musqua earned her certificate in Indian Social Work, no
mean feat with children and husband Danny to care for, in her spare
time.
From the quality of her valedictory speech, it was obvious why she
was chosen for the honor. She spoke
with dignity, faith and quiet honor
for ''the natural instincts of our Indian 4nheritance''. She praised the
�cultural content of the Indian Social
Work Program. "We are fortunate
to have been given an opportunity
of learning and developing skills
that are relevant to our own needs,
understanding
and beliefs within
our culture. We gruw to learn to live
in a world of many cultures. If we
can understand ourselves ... we can
have the best of two worlds. Let us
not loose sight of who we are." She
told her fellow students not- to allow
their mistakes or failures defeat
them but to see them as challenges
because she said, "The rewards will
be fruitful as you will feel it from
within your heart. It is something
that can never be measured by the
things of this world - humility,
gratitude, acceptance, love, serenity, hope, faith - it can be part of
anyone's life." She went on to say
that there has never been a time
_ more crucial for our future than
now. "We, as social workers, will
have the opportunity to have input
into the many challenges
and
changes that the future holds for us.
We have come to a difficult time in
our lives, but yet we can master our
own destinies. Hopefully it will happen in the best intere st of those people we will serve."
Toasts to the grads, parents, staff
and a special one to Thelma
Tootoosis were offered and replied
to. Special presentation s were made.
Ruby Martin of Fort Chipweyan,
Alberta won the award for most
outstanding student. A hide painting and $25 .00 was given to
students with highest grade point
average:
1981 Fall Semester
First year: Carl Bird
Second year: Ruby Martin
Third year: Lorrette Gilcrest
Fourth year: Michelle Marchand
1982 Winter Semester
First year: Carl Bird
Second year: Ruby Martin
Third year: Kimberly Tootoosis
Fourth year: Myra Hart
Thelma Tootoosis was given a gift
in honor of her dedication
to
ISWEP. An honor song and round
dance followed the banquet.
And for the grads, friends and
family who were not tuckered out
by this time, a modern dance rounded out the festivities.
■
ISWEP GRADS
Bachelor of Education
(Indian Education)
MICHELLE MARCHAND
Okanogan Band, B.C.
•
NANCY JEAN CUSTER
Pelican Narrows
•
ANGELIQUE NANCY MICHEL
Pelican Narrows
•
JOYCE NA YTOWHOW
Montreal Lake
Bachelor of Indian
Social Work
WILMA BOURASSA
Saskatoon
•
MYRA HART
Nelson House, Manitoba
•
GEORGINA IRON
Canoe Lake Reserve
•
CAROL LEDOUX
Mistawasis Reserve
•
PEARL MARSDEN
Fairford
•
HAROLD MCNABB
Peepeekisis Reserve
•
ARSENE TOOTOOSIS
Poundmaker Reserve
•
DEL VINA W AHWEA YE
Fishing Lake Reserve
Certificate of Indian
Social Work
WAVERLY GLADUE
Sweetgrass Reserve
•
WINONA JOHNSTONE
Mistawasis _Reserve
•
JULIA LARIVIERE
Canoe Lake Reserve
•
RUBY MARTEN
Fort Chipweyan, Alberta
•
VIOLET NA YTOWHOW
Sturgeon Lake Reserve
•
MARY ROSE OPEKOKEW
Canoe Lake Reserve
...
HELEN PAUPANAKIS
Cross Lake Band, Man.
•
EMMA STAR
Thunderchild Reserve
•
MARION ST ANDING READY
Whitebear Reserve
•
THERESA TCHO
English River Reserve
Most outstanding
student,
Ruby Martin; Valedictorian,
Thelma Musqua .
•
THELMA MUSQUA
Keeseekoose Reserve
SASKATCHEWAN
INDIAN 15
�INDIAN
E
D
But in order to determine what the goals and purposes should be, Indian people must first think, discuss,
and debate. Then decide what the goals and purposes
must be.
C
A
T
I
0
N
- Do we simply follow the provincial curriculum? Or do
we develop our own curriculum?
- Do we teach and use Indian languages in the schools?
Or do we emphasize English and ignore Indian
languages?
- Are schools primarily job-training institutions?
- Are schools the means of assimilating Indians into
White Society through integration? Or are schools the
means of preserving Indian cultures whil~ adapting to
the majority White cultures?
- Do Indians simply takeover schools under terms and
conditions laid down by the Federal government
·through the Department of Indian Affairs? Or do Indians set up and establish our own terms and conditions?
- Why have schools anyway? And what are they to do?
- What is education all about anyway? And just exactly
who makes the decisions regarding education?
u
by Clive Linklater
There have been great strides in Indian education
during the past few years. As great as those strides have
been it is .still only the beginning.
Many people have made positive contributions to
Indian education and they all deserve much credit. In
order to build farther these contributions even more
people need to get involved.
Education is everyone's business! Indian education
is every Indian's business! Education cannot be left in
the hands of the few. And Indian education cannot be
left in the hands of the few, even if those few are Indians
themselves.
It does not take an expert, or a University degree to
determine what education should be.
The goals and purpose of education must be determined by those whom it serves. And Indian education
must serve Indian people.
The role of educators is to serve the people, not the
people to serve the educators.
Until now Indian education has served the goals
and purposes of non-Indians. The policies, programs,
curriculum and staffing was determined by non-Indians
in the Federal Government, the Churches and Provincial schools.
Basic questions that need to be asked and answered
in terms of goals are:
If Indians are to have control of education these are
the questions that must be answered. They are controversial, but they are, nevertheless, very basic and
fundamental to decision-making and goal-setting.
"To not decide is to decide!" says the Wise One.
To not decide is to let someone else decide for you.
Indians are not in control of decision-making now
and what "control" Indians do have is sometimes
subverted.
One example is that Indian School Boards are
"taking over" agreements that have already been determined by previous Department of Indian Affairs contracts with Provincial School Boards. The monies for
tuition, capital and other costs are simply re-routed
through Indian bands in the name of Indian control.
This is not "control". This is simply doing a clerical job for DIA to fulfill its previous contract commitments. "True control" would mean for Indians
themselves to decide how to spend the education dollar.
But in order to make these kinds of decisions, we,
the Indian people must know and determine ourselves
exactly what kind of education we want.
Its stated purpose was to "civilize the savage", to
"christianize the heathen" and re-make Indians into
whites through assimilation.
This requires involvement and participation, active
discussion and debate.
It is past time Indian people determine the goals
For Indian people to take control we must all actively participate in the hard, sometimes difficult decisions that must be made.
and purposes of Indian education. Setting the goals and
purposes of Indian education is a very important first
step in determining what kind of education system Indian people should have.
16 JUNE , 1982
Without involvement and participation there can
be no control.
■
l
I
i
�The Philosophy and Purpose of
An Indian Education System:
The primary purpose of the Indian Education System is to
educate and teach Indian people to maintain and develop
themselves as Indian people.
This primary purpose shall be carried out by instituting an Indian Education System that is to be developed, operated, controlled, monitored and judged by the Indian people of Saskatchewan themselves.
·
The primary purpose of the Indian Education System that will
· educate and teach Indian people to remain and be Indian shall
be carried out by emphasizing the primary cultural and social
values, practices, and customs handed down to modern-day Indian people from generation upon generation of Indian
ancestors.
The primary cultural and social values, practices and customs
include such specifics as:
• Belief in the Creator.
• Belief that the Creator is the Giver and Preserver of all Life
and all things.
• Belief in the sanctity and sacre dne ss of Life and Creation.
• Reverence and respect for all Life and Creation.
• Belief in the Creator as a Spiritual Being.
• Belief in spirituality as the basis of all Life and Creation.
• Belief in man as a Spiritual Being.
• Care and respect for all Mankind.
• Privacy of the family as a social unit.
• Sharing and helping as social requisites.
• Acceptance of free will and free choice for individual family
and band member s.
• To concentrate strictly on quality information.
• To assist in curriculum development as identified by the Indian bands.
• To provide resource persons for reserve workshops.
• To recommend hiring method s.
SASKATCHEWAN
INDIANEDUCATIONCOMMISSION
Presents a Continuing Training Session
"Working With Groups"
THIS SESSION
IS LIMITED TO
THE FIRST30
APPLICANTS
Topics include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Group Therapy
Kinds of Groups
Types and Functions of Groups
Stages of Group Development
Behaviours in Groups
Dealing with Conflict and Confrontation
Skills and Techniques in Working with Groups
IF YOU WORK WITH GROUPS, THIS SESSIONIS FOR YOU! It is directed at-anyone working with groups in a
community, organization , or institution in either a voluntary or professional capacity (i.e. fieldworkers ,
counsellors , supervisors, progr~m directors, co-ordinators , teachers, organizers, volunteers, etc.)
Place:
Costs:
Queen 's Retreat House,
601 Taylor Street West,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Registration Fee - $175.00
Includes : Accommodation and meals for three
nights/ days
Tuition , Supplies; Manual
Live-in Residence - the perfect place
for an intensive, dynamic session.
• Lectures• Theory• Practice• Learning-by-Doing
Dates:
Participants responsible for own travel.
Participants may be sponsored by Bands, Districts, Associations, Organizations, Schools, Churches, Government
Agencies and Departments, Individuals or others .
Monday, June 21, 7:00 p.m. SHARP to Thursday, June 24, 5:00 p.m. SHARP.
30 Hours of SOLID EXPERIENTIAL
LEARNING!
FOR REGISTRATIONand INFORMATION, CONT ACT:
Linda Pelly or Mary Anne Sokwaypnace • Saskatchewan Indian Education Commission
1030 ldylwyld Drive North• Saskatoon, Saskatchewan• 57K 359 • (P.O. Box 3085)
Telephone (306) 244-1146
SASKA TC HEW AN INDIAN 17
�First
-··
Graduates
In 17 Years
From Qu' Appelle
Indian Residential
School
Indian parents · in the south-east
districts have been fighting for
seventeen years for this day , May
21st, 1982. This day, ten stu dent s
graduated from Qu 'Appelle Indian
Residential School. It was a dream
come true for those involved in the
long and bitter struggle to re-instate
grades 9 to 12 at the school. ·
Everyone was involved in organising the celebrations. The feast
hosted by Florence Desnomie and
Leila Thomson started right at 5:30.
Bev Desnomie was Master of
Ceremonies and Henry Musqua
gave the opening prayer. Elaine
Johnson started the toasts with a
toast to the graduates, on whom so
many dreams had been pinned.
Noel Starblanket was the Master
of Ceremonies for the graduation
exercises. After the lighting of the
Sweetgrass ceremon y, the Chairman
of the School Council, Ken Carrier,
presented the traditional stretched
hide diplomas:
CongratulatiQns to:
Jean Bear - Ochapowace
Sharon Bird - Little Red River
Vera Desnomie - Peepeekisis
Wayne lronstar - Carry the Kettle
Leon Kaisaiwatum - Piapot
Mary Anne Kitchemonia -
Keeseekoose
Keith Ryder - Carry The Kettle
Angie Spencer - Carry the Kettle
Kelly Redman - Standing Buffalo
Dale Whitecap - Carry the Kettle
Dale Whitecap
valedictory speech.
18 JUNE, 1982
delivered
the
Scholarship Fund
School Council Member, Mrs.
Pauline Pelly of Cote, introduced
the Qu' Appelle Indian Residential
School Council Scholarships. To encourage and recognise the scholastic
achievements of the graduates, the
school council announced three
scholarships.
Three cash awards of $500.00
each will be given to the Qu' Appelle
Indian Residential School graduates
who will enroll and successfully
complete one year of study either in
a recognized university or a vocational school, and successfully complete one year of study lead ing to a
major in:
(1) science, math, computer science
or engineering,
(2) physical education, industrial
arts, business education or home
economics,
(3) general _arts and science degree
Recipient s will be selected before
the start of the university classes
each year, but the award will be
presented during the Graduation
Exercises for that academic year.
'' When we realized we had ten
graduates coming, we thought of all
kinds of things that we could do for
them. We set up this fund to encourage
more
students
to
graduate.Many times a student is
discourged . We want to let them
know there is something at the end
of that road to encourage them to
go further and further. They will
also recognise how hard they have
worked . $500.00 is not much but it
is a start. All of the council have put
in something. We all agreed on it."
Mrs. Mary Anne Lavallee was the
guest speaker for the event. She was
very happy to congratulate the
graduates on such a particularly
great occasion for the twenty-fo ur
bands involved.
A 17 Year Battle
Ken Carrier spoke later of th€
history leading up to this occasion.
He himself was a student there for
eleven years, leaving in 1948. It had
been a good school with many
graduates every year.
"Then in 1965, the DIA decided
to close down all senior residences.
But the parents made a commitment
that the school would stay open. All
24
Bands
in
the
Yorkton/Touchwood
/File Hills
Districts got together to keep it going. The DIA closed down the top
· grades down to grade 9.'' The
parents did not give up. In 1969 they
formed an advisory board. In 1973
they formed the school board and
took authority over the residence
but not education.
In 1977 they got grade 10 in, but
in order to do this they had to get rid
of grade 1. In 1978 they re-instated
Grade 11.
In 1981 the Board became the
School Council and took over tot al
control of the school. Grade 12 was
re-instated.
"It's a dream come true for us,"
concluded Mrs. Pelly. "Last year
we had a couple of grade 12 students
at the residence who had to commute to Ft. Qu' Appelle to get Grade
12. This year they could stay here
and there's ten of them. Next year
maybe we'll see double .''
■
·I
�Cultural Day
The Annual Cultural Day at the
Prince Albert Indian Residential
School was held in spring this year.
Older students from the residence
were able to participate too, as the
local schools that they attend were
also invited.
The teachers say that the nonI rid i an schools
have shown
themselves anxious to attend as they
have begun to feel inadequate in
providing the Indian students with
any kind of cultural support.
. Many of the Resource people had
to travel quite a distance so there
was a lot to fit in, for just one afternoon. It needed a lot of organization for all the students to hear all
the visitors. The trainees who have
recently joined the SORT! office
located at the school, helped out the
school staff as facilitators.
The scene of Principal and
teachers dashing here laden with
cables and projectors, dashing back
with other cables and a T. V. set,
dashing off somewhere else with
something else electronic, and
generally looking distracted is an accepted prelude to every event like
this; but on May 20th, things went
pretty smoothly.
One of the advantages of holding
"Cultural Day" in the spring is that
it gives everyone a lot of time to
work on displays and projects.
There were large displays of paintings, drawings, pictures and maps
that showed the history, the territories and the life styles of all the
different indigenous people of
Canada. Bernice Waditaka and
Diana Turner took the groups
through the hall .
The Elders have always been
respected for their part in the
teaching of the children, and they
were glad to be there on this day.
Mrs. Kingfisher grew up on the
Sturgeon Lake reserve, and talked
about "Family Life". She, her
brothers and sisters all helped raise
cattle, horses and chickens, plough
with horses and raise a garden. The
spring rain could be heard outside
and one of her stories that really interested the students was about a
spring flood near Prince Albert.
"Before spring break up, my grandmother and grandfather used to
make maple syrup on the island in
the river here to make a living. One
time the river flooded in the night.
My parents were on the island. My
Auntie had _totie my brother on her
back and we tore the blankets and
climbed the trees. We tied ourselves
with the blankets in the trees in case
we fell asleep. My grandfather was
saved by his son-in-law who came to
find us. He got his boat thro ugh the
ice and gradually took us all back.
My grandfather was so pleased, he
gave him his 16 year old daughter as
a second wife.''
Mrs. Ahenakew told the groups
about "Indian Culture - Why Are
We Indian". She talked about their
ancestors and the place of the
Headmen and the Chiefs . "The
Headmen had a very great spiritual
value in everyday life. They were in
spiritual contact through their
prayers. Our people were always
praying. I remember as a child, my
parents would get up very early,
about 5:30. I would hear my
father's drum . The children would
get up after that , about 6:00 and we
had another
set of prayers .
Mealtime came and we said more
prayers: this was how we started the
day. First thing my mother would
take me outside to say thanks for all
that had been prepared for us, the
grass and trees, the food . We said
thank you and we got guidance for
the day. In the evening we would
listen to stories. An old man would
come. Every story had a meaning. It
taught us how to listen too, to find
the meaning.''
Joe Duquette, "Ka-ta-yak", had
been doing a lot of travelling and
talking in that week. He is a member
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 19
�Joe Duquette
of the Mistawasis band and had just
turned seventy eight. He spends
much of his time at the Saskatchewan Indian c ·ultural College,
speaking and counselling, in his role
of Elder, Ka-ta-yak. "We don't
speak our language - but our
language is good and nice. There are
no bad words in our language. Our
family was poor but we have things
to share with our people. If someone comes to our house, there is
always something to eat. We were
brought up to share what we have
down to our last bite. But a lot of
this is gone, that is why we have to
start over again."
Smith Atimoyoo also came up
that day from the Cultural College.
He brought with him the poles of a
small teepee and a large picture of
the poles in position. "I didn't
understand my father when he said I
was going to school in a teepee. I
told him I wanted to go to boarding
school. I didn't understand we had
our own school.
We learnt
philosophy, psychology, everything
we can learn in our way. We had
rules to live by; each of the poles of
the teepee taught them to us: obedience, love, kinship, strength, good
Mrs. Ahenakew talking about Indian cultt.1re.
child rearing, hope, discipline,
humility, respect, happiness, faith ...
The children had listened hard to
their elders. They had time to relax
and think a little when their groups .
went to see the display from the
Cultural College library - books for
all ages from all parts of North
America, books written by Indian
parents and teachers for Indian
students. Gail Bear from the College
was in the next cottage showing
tapes on Indian history. By the late
afternoon however, the students
were very tired and chose to enjoy
tapes of a Buffy St. Marie Benefit
Concert in aid of "Indian Education".
One film that never tired,
however, was ''Talking Hands'',
the language that all Indians could
understand and make themselves
understood by. This was a very
quiet cottage, as groups of children
sat silently watching the screen, learning the language with their hands.
Next door was probably the
noisiest workshop as Werner Goodvoice of SORTI talked about "Indian Art''. He had brought all kinds
of examples of modern day art with
him, from Allan Sapp to Denny
Morrison, from S-minute pencil
drawings to designs baked on clay;
from intricately designed and beaded gun straps to simple chokers. The
last, he said, were worn by men so
their wives could drag them home if
they got too carried away at the
pow-wow - just the kind of
joke that appeals to children!
He showed all the materials that
the artists used to have to work
with; the Inuit and Chippewyan
carved soapstone and moosehorn,
further south there were dyed · porcupine quills for designs ... and today
there are all kinds of pens, pencils,
crayons, paints - and good old charcoal which you can get from your
campfire or from the Art store.
Everybody tried on the belts and
bands, fingered the materials of the
carvings, tried out pens and colours
on the easel and paper Werner had
set up, and laughed at each other's
efforts and generally seemed to have
a good but useful time.
Workshops lasted for four and a
half hours. Everyone was glad to
have a half hour free to prepare for
the main event: the Cultural Feast! ■
�The Everloving
Mother Nature
by Paul Ahenakew
Long ago our ancestors lived in harmony and
balance with Mother Nature, that is, all the creatures
and vegetation of our natural environments. For this,
Mother Nature showed us love in return in more ways
than can be counted. She is a "mother" since she is
really the one who keeps all life in natural harmony
and balance.
Our ancestors, by close observation and seeking
visions of our natural environments were taught how
all creatures and vegetation thought, lived and how to
survive in a sometimes harsh existence of cold, hunger
and isolation where the strong and wise survived and
the weak perished. Mother Nature through the Great
Spirit, Manitou, was our "mother", "doctor",
"councillor", "food gatherer" and "teacher", and
we learned of this code of life by becoming "brothers
and sisters" with all natural creation and the spiritworld!
In our environments, we learned to share and
care with all we had and that natural forces such as
the "spirits" and creation would take care of us. All
the animals, vegetation, rock, fish, birds and
ourselves took care of each other, and, we always
thanked the "Great Spirit", our Manitou for all we
had by ceremonies of praise such as 'gatherings', .
'pow-wows', and 'prayer'. We were also taught how
to hunt, fish, travel, etc., and for our characteristics,
we learned to be brave, courageous, diligent, proud,
self-reJiant, responsible and we were self-determined
in our affairs, yet, we walked humbly in all our paths
that life leads us on.
We loved, respected and honored our 'brothers
and sisters' and we even adopted their names and
habits to our lifestyles. The bear, moose, eagle,
beaver, muskrat, grouse, etc. taught us the foods they
ate that made them strong and healthy. They showed
us their medicines they used to make them healthy
again when they were sick. They taught us their
favourite hunting grounds; we even know that all
animals, birds, fish, vegetation and the rest of creation have feelings, they see, touch, smell, hear and
taste like us, and that, each of these different
creatures and vegetation talked to each other, and
that each had their very own unique characteristics.
We know that they even have their own character
traits such as clowning, enjoying, singing, talking,
dancing, loving each other with feelings of unity just
as we people do.
A few examples of our "brothers and sisters"
medicines are: one, the root of certain plants along
lakes that muskrats eat when they were sick, so we used them and this "root medicine" clears our colds,
headaches, dizziness too; two, the seneca root eaten by
many creatures was and is eaten by people for
stomach troubles, pains, colds, arthritis, rheumatism,
etc, and it helps , us and cures us just as it does to wild
creatures, a·nd, .three, tobacco was also eaten by many
creatures. It is good medicine for relaxation and
"praising and honoring" the Great Spirit, our
Manitou, thus relieving many of our physical, mental
and spiritual anxieties.
Today, the young tend to ignore our "brothers
and sisters" and they are losing touch with Mother
Nature living in less and less harmony and balance,
thus losing the biggest part of our heritage and
lifestyles. Our elders, medicine men, and most of our
people know, realize and sense a pull back to Mother
Nature; she is calling us, pleading with us to come
back "My Children", it's the only way to live. Even
our Great Spirit, Manitou, tells us that this is so, that
only by living close together can we survive as a
"whole", not only as a people but with all creation.
It's time to get back the biggest part of our heritage,
go back to Mother Nature and the Great Spirit, thus
living in harmony and balance, just as it was meant to
be, a big family living together. Let's hope and pray,
some day we will live a little closer to each other.
■
SASKATCHEWAN
INDIAN 21
�SHOESTRING
BOOKINGS
1st Annual Native Fastball Tournament
S.I.M.F.C.
Available upon request. Rock,
Old Time, and Country Bands
,for bookings.
Also, have access to Custom
Recording
Studio for Demo
Tapes and Records at minimal
cost.
Please contact Grant Severight
at 242-3600.
AUGUST 21st & 22nd, 1982
Gordie Howe Park
MENS
16 Teams Participating
Three Game Guarantee
$3,200.00 Prize Value
A: $1,000.00 $600.00
B: $600.00, .$_4_00.00
c: $400.00, $200·.oo
LADIES
8 Teams Participating
Double Knockout Draw
$1,250 Prize Value
A: $500.00, $300.00
B: $300.00, $150;00
Oops! Our Mistake
The cover photo of the May issue ·
was taken by Brenda Etienne, a resident of the Wahpeton reserve. Our
apologies for not crediting · her
photo.
In the story headlined: "Cultural
Days at SIFC'',
we incorrectly
reported the round dance announcer
as being Mr. Steven McArthur. It
was Alfred McArthur who was announcing. We apologize to the Steven McArthur family for any
embarassment or hurt this may have
caused them.
■
Concession and Change Room on Premises .
$150.00 Entry Fee $50.00
Refundable Upon Elimination
Cabaret Saturday Night
Each player responsible for daily
admission of $5.00 per day.
Kinookimaw Beach
For the Good Times!
Tennis • Horseshoes • Camping • Golf•
Golf
Swimming • Boating•
Fishing • Hiking
9 Holes • Grass Greens
Golf Instruction Available
Book Thursday for Weekends!
Membership Fees:
Daily Green Fees: ·
Adults $130
Weekday $5.50
Family $285
Weekends & Holidays $7.00
Couples · $215
Pro Shop 938-2051
Junior$
50
Time Bookings Weekends and Holidays
Full Service Pro Shop • Rentals Too!
2 Courts Available for Tennis
You Can Book Kinookimaw For Staff Tournaments
Visit Kinookimaw Country Club
& Sports Days!
Licensed Dining Room & Cocktail Room
Dance to Live Entertainment
30 Person Capacity
Private Conference Facilities Available
938•2295
Herb Strongeagle, General Manager
A Saskatchewan Golfing Association Affiliate
Regina Beach
22 JUNE, 1982
•
Saskatchewan
�''Model'' Indian Business
Doubles Turnover
The forty five shareholder Chiefs
of Saskatchewan Indian Nations
Developments Company met for .
their first annual meeting on May
10, 1982. The Directors were exhilarated; what they had to report to
the Chiefs was a trade turnover of
$3. 7 million during their first
full year of business, considerably
more than they had expected.
The figures in the SINCO report
reflected only a modest loss; the
Director's pointed out, however,
that much of the "loss" was investment for the company in training,
capital acquisitions, and ground
work which will generate revenue in
the future. Most companies give
themselves a good five years to start
operating at a profit. The message
to the Shareholder Chiefs was a 200
percent increase in turnover from
1980. Five of the subsidiaries showed profits for the year. The full time
staff in the Company rose from
thirty-two to eighty-eight, of which
seventy-eight are status and nonstatus Indians. This represents $2
million in Indian personal income
which did not previously exist. They
also claim fifty spin-off jobs directly
related to SINCO business operations. Only one enterprise was
discontinued as unprofitable: SINCO Electric Ltd. And finally, their
$1.00 shares are now worth over
$16,000 each.
From the Shareholders came two
main concerns. The first was communication. The Corporation had
moved so fast in the past year that
the usual lines of communication, ·
the telephone and letters,- had
become inadequate. The Chiefs
were not able to keep their own
Band membership up to date. A
monthly newsletter is being considered.
The Chiefs also talked of the
possibilities of on-reserve gas stations and groceries - more reservebased industries. - The meeting
discussed marketing and distribution and the corporation will be
looking into starting chain-supply
operations, like, for example, the
Mohawk
gas stations
where
"Mohawk's" role is to supply the
gas.
But SINCO's very thin equity
base limits growth and prevents it
from taking advantage of investment opportunities. This was the
main problem that the Corporation
executives put to the Shareholder
Chiefs.
It was not a question of asking the
Government for rescue funding.
SINCO wasn't in trouble. If it
didn't expand any further, it would
not need any further funding.
However,
the Directors
feel
vulnerable as some operations remain dependent on single customers
or market for a ·high percentage of
trade so that if any backs out or is
slow in paying, SINCO must carry
their debt; a broader base would
also reduce vulnerability to peaks
and recessions in current markets.
On the late night news that evening, SINCO's president appealed
for further government aid . to the
company. He had been talking
earlier of the corporation's aim for
self-sufficiency. Doug Cuthand sees
~o contradiction: "Yes, SINCO was
started largely from Government
funding and yes, we are using
government agencies to develop it.
But so are a lot of other big companies these days. Government
agencies like OREE and Manpower
are there for just this purpose - to
make businesses viable. In this way
we're no different from Sidney Steel
or IPSCO, etc."
Corporation
Executives also
point out that while they use conventional financing institutions as
much as possible, the Federal
government has ·a clear responsibility under Treaty to support the
development of the Indian economy
and they have no qualms about approaching them for capital financing from time to time. The answer
to under-capitalization was not seen
only as further government aid; the
Chiefs were concerned that the major control remain in Indian hands,
and saw the solution in terms of a
heavier financial contri\)ution by the
owner Bands: a resolution was
unanimously passed on the specifics
of their funding arrangements.
In other business, three more
Bands had applied for shares in
SINCO
Developments
and
shareholders accepted them. With
the John Smith, English River and
White Bear Bands,there are now 45
owner Bands. The present Board
was mandated to continue for
another year. Therefore,. it was
resolved, the eight positions appointed by the Shareholder Bands
be reviewed and elected for two year
terms, and the four positions reserved to the FSI be reviewed and
elected at each annual shareholders
meeting, from 1983.
In his address to the shareholders,
President Doug Cuthand said,
·"SINCO is under scrutiny by the
other Indian groups and is fast
becoming a national model for Indian developments". And Chief Executive officer, Pat Woods, confirmed that there are an averageof
three delegations a month from
other Indian groups to study SINCO. · Director of Corporate Planning, James Burns, said "SINCO
Developments is expected to be one
of the major "flagship" corporations ... of Indian enterprise in themarket place''.
■
SINCO: Indian Controlled and
Indian Owned Corporation
Idealogical battles rage over the pros and cons of Indian corporations .. .dangerous, assimilationalist, progressive ... The encouraging of Indian corporations has
been called a "government plot" whereby whatever
government is in control will eventually take over the Indian operation through direct and indirect taxation.
SINCO Developments claims to have avoided the obvious pitfalls. In anticipation of some of the problems,
the Executive took sixteen months to draw up a very
unusual set of Articles of Incorporation. Shareholders
are restricted to being Indian Bands in Saskatchewan
and the corporation will always be 100 percent Indian
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 23
�owned. The Directors are all Status Indians and the
head office is at the Montreal Lake Band.
Built on the political ideal of "Indian control of Indian economy", established by a. political organization,
with a Board of Directors of politicians, President Doug
Cuthand says, "SINCO is just a business. We're here to
make bucks. Our bottom line is profit." A very large
chunk of any government is economics. In the
Legislative at Regina they spend over half their time on
money and business, seeking political solution to
economics, and that is what SINCO is.
The purpose is Indian control and ownership of Indian business. The Directors and staff insist they are trying to pull away from the "little brother image" and
keep the FSI at arms length in a-business sense.
OWNER BANDS
POORMAN BAND
COWESSESS BAND
FL YING DUST BAND
WAHPETON BAND
CUMBERLAND BAND
LAC LA HACHE BAND
LOON LAKE BAND
MONTREAL LAKE BAND
BEARDY'S BAND
,GORDON BAND
BUFFALO RIVER BAND
STONEY RAPIDS
FISHNG LAKE BAND
STURGEON LAKE BAND
PASQUA BAND
SAKIMA Y BAND
KEESEEKOOSE BAND
DAY STAR BAND
KEY BAND
STARBLANKET BAND
ONION LAKE BAND
ONE ARROW BAND
SWEETGRASS BAND
OKANESE BAND
MUSKOWEKWAN BAND
LA LOCHE BAND
PEEPEEKISIS BAND
STANDING BUFFALO
LITTLE PINE BAND
FOND DU LAC~
TURNOR LAKE BAND
NUT LAKE BAND
SHOAL LAKE BAND
CANOE LAKE BAND
LITTLE BLACK BEAR BAND
WATERHEN LAKE BAND
PIAPOT BAND
JAMES SMITH BAND
RED EARTH BAND
MOSQUITO BAND
SANDY LAKE BAND
COTE BAND
DIRECTORS
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
D. Cuthand - President
L. Cataract
W. Ahenakew
P. Derocher
S. Sanderson
A . Head
H . Desjarlais
L. Cyr
D. Kitchemonia
H . Isnana
J . Quewezance
SINCO DEVELOPMENTS
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
J . P . Woods
DIRECTOR
CORPORA TE DEVELOPMENT
BUI
DIRECTOR-OPERATIONS
JOINT VENTURES
SINCO
SPECIAL TIES
SINCO BUILDING
SUPPLIES LTD
SINCO CONSULTING LTD .
GENERAL MANAGER
W . Shalist
GENERAL MANAGER
B. Laird
DIRECTOR
R. Devromc
SINCO TRUCKING LTD.
GENERAL MANAGER ......,___
B. Lawton
DIRECTOR
R. Irving
MANA GE R-DEVELOPMENT
R. McKenzie
The Structure
Forty two Bands initially bought one share in
SINCO, for $1,000 each. They appointed eight Chiefs
to the Board of Directors, who with the four other
24 JUNE, 1982
Directors from the FSI, then appointed the Corporation
Directors. The shareholders then turn over all responsibility for running the company into the hands of the
Boards of Directors and the company directors.
�SINCO Trucking Company
SINCO Trucking is a
designed northern hauler,
and has been awarded major hauling · contracts to
northern points~~We can
c~stom haul .fuel, lime,
lumber, general freight,
construction
materials,
groceries and more'',
reads their publicity.
When the bright blue
trucks bearing the Chief's
head hit the highways they
were greeted sceptically:
two years later, '' Apache
Truckers'' is no longer a
term of disrespect among
the trucking fraternity.
In 1981 their gross
revenue increased by nearly 500 percent. SINCO
trucking now has fourteen
highway tractors, twelve
flat decks, four fuel
trailors, two line bulkers,
a three-ton truck and
small trailor. The Company also established a
partnership with S. and P.
Trucking, in which SINCO
There are seventeen truck
provides all the personnel drivers. Melvin Buffalo had
and equipment resources a lot of highway experience
and retains all revenue.
before he quit United to
Jom SINCO at the very
beginning of its operation.
He'll have been with the
company for two years this
July .
The operators are kept
busy; it is stable equipment.
They are respected in the
trucking world . The 1982
business forecast
with
possible new contracts to
the Nipawin Hydro and
continuation of major hauling contracts
to the
uranium projects on Cluff
and Key Lak~s, and pulp to
Prince Albert Mill ensures
another busy year. But
there is more to working
than that. "It's a good atmosphere, working among
your own people'', says
Melvin, "that makes a difference . Ju st like family,
everybody is close''.
One of the favourite
clients of SINCO Trucking
is SINCO Building Supplies, in business for only a
few months longer.
base in order to get independence, and I felt that
was what SINCO would be.
It brings benefits directly to
the Bands and I like that.
So for me it's more than
just a job". Violet is buyer
and shipper: ''that means
buying quality products at
best prices possible and arranging for SINCO Trucking to haul them to the
Bands'' . The products are
familiar to her, her father
and father-in-law
are
carpenters.
Like other
members of SINCO, Violet
emphasized the business
side of things, the efficiency
and productivity and the
personal
potential
and
benefits of working in a
good business, "b ut it goes
beyond that. When I talk to
the housing crews at the
Bands, a lot of times they
say they 're pleased with the
quality of material and the
Clerk. She applied to SIN- service. I like the idea that
CO just as soon as she the owner Bands are also
heard
about
SINCO
our customers. It makes it
Building Supplies: "I've more rewarding. It also
always felt that Indian makes
good business
Bands need an economic sense''.
SINCO Building Supplies Limited
The overall objective is
to supply quality materials
for Indian and Native housing. The company produces
two significant benefits to
our people. One is to
upgrade the quality of
housing and the second is to
provide Indian employment. Total sales for 1981
amounted to nearly 1.5
million dollars, seventy nine
homes and renovations.
The purchasing Office is in
Saskatoon;
t he first
materials yard was built at
Beardy's reserve and a second one has star ted opera tion on the Piapot Reserve.
The 1982 forecast projects
to supply materia ls for 125
homes, which will be 25
percent of the tot al marke t
for new houses. There will
also be a strong move into
the market
for home
renovations. The company
currently employs twenty
people.
t
Violet Thoma s joined the
Company when it first
started in April 1980. She
had worked in the PSI for
nearly ten years and then at
AMOK
at Purchasing
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 25
�continued (fro m page 24)
A Quest ion of Record
One of the main problem s internally was one of attitude . In a business every dollar is earned. The change
over to a business mentality from a programs mentali ty
was a difficult one at first.
. The next was to break into the open market. Sinco's
entry into a competiti ve market had to be positively
organized and presented , very well prepared. The immage they wanted to present was stability and quality of
service.
"Cont rary to our expectations", says Execut ive Officer Pat Wood s, "we got a lot of co-operation from the
business commu nity. There was a lot of support for a
move into produ ctivity by Saskatchewan Indians . Of
course, there are always people who are sceptical. But it
comes down to track record and proven experience. We
never advo cated for special treatment in the open
market" .
FSI Focus On "Indian Control
Of Indian Education" Pays Off
One of the main stumbling blocks for other Indian
economic ventures has been the lack of proven Indian
managem ent and skilled Indian technicians. Manage ment and therefo re control would often end up in non Indian hand s and the training of Indian staff would
become an end in itself, eating up more than half of the
budget.
For SIN CO, however, the investment of time and
mone y into training fo r the first years of a project takes
28. 7 percent of the bas operation budget.
The directors credit the emphasis and work of the
1970's on India n Education for making this possible. As
a result of that emphasis Saskatchewan Indians now
have a skilled pool of executive and trade talent. This is
very unique to Saskat chewan . " Regardle ss of what skill
is requi red," says Pat Woods, "it's usually around . We
can't use the conve·ntional job market to find individuals but we have an effective informal network.
The Chiefs know their Band members . For example,
last Novembe r we needed a petroleum engineer. We ha d
four appli cations. One was from a Sask. Indian who
had been mana ging a Texaco oil base in Houston for
sixteen years. Most Indian people are anxious to ma ke a
contribu tion to the Indian economy if the opportunity is
there .''
Resource Development For the first two years SINCO was content to develop
service industries - supplies , marketing, hauling, consulting , etc. But teasing the executive mind is the allCanadian preoc cupation with resource exploitation .
The 1982 direct ions with Indian gravel and timber pre••·
ducts are just the tip of the iceberg. What about oil and
gas and mineral development?
Ho wever, this has to be a cautious move. There is
huge economic risk, but there is even larger political
risk. Ho w can you maintain Indian control of a
megaproje ct if you have to attract outside capi tal? SINCO's const itution requires an Indian majority in any
project ; whether this is an adequate safety precaution
has to be seriou sly examined.
A major Saskat chewan industry is the uranium one.
Does this po se any political problem for SINCO?
"No ," , respond ed Pat Woods, "we have never taken
any position on the nuclear question. Each project is examined for its environmental suitability and then a deci26 JUNE , 1982
Sinco Security Services
Ltd.
Another company was
incorporated nearly two
years ago, but its progress
has been more rocky. The
problems
of SINCO
Security were mainly due
to high personnel turnover . The problems are
being sorted out gradually
and employment
has
become stable for the
guards who make it
through.
A security guar d training class of 21 recruit s
started last December and
lasts for eight months.
Emp loyment
opportuni ties are said to be excellent within the com-
pany. This training course
would
also equip
a
graduate to find a job with
any security company in
Canada.
~
Personnel selection has
become a priority, with
strict guidelines. Life skills
are being taught to equip
recruits for full time work
in a hard line of work. The
company is now concentrating on building up a
good reputation in the
field . . Amok-Cluff Lake
Mining has signed a twoyear contract employing
twelve men full time as of
February 1982.
SINCO Specialties LTD.
came bustling into the
market in Augus t 1981.
Their specialties: t-shirts,
caps and badges . Any individuals or team or band
or association want their
special cap or t-shirt or
jacket or badge? There's a
dynamic Indian business
just waiting to help you
out! They can also take
orders for your designs or
logo to be put on
anything from pens to
lighters, frisbees to brief
cases ...
According to their
first plan, it was going to
take a year to break
even, but it looks as if it
will be more like summer. SIN CO Specialties
sells across the province
and is now entering the
Nat ional Market.
Three people are on
straight commission selling SINCO Specialties
and this will be increased
to six this summer. A
sub-office will be opened
in Regina for the World
Assembly of First Nations and to expand
business in the south.
This company has the
potential of becoming
the largest Saskatchewan
based
company
to
distribute specialty · and
promotional products.
�sion taken on whether we should particjpate. SINCO 1s
involved with two uranium companies, at Cluff and Key ·
Lakes. We declined to ·participate in one which was
deemed environmentally unsuitable because it posed
dangers to the water system, even though we were offered major contracts. SINCO will never get involved in
an industry which involves pollution", and Pat Woods
tells the story of how they had the opportunity to get in- ·
volved in operating a chemical factory producing
sulphuric acid. Cautious of acid rain, they declined. It
all depends on how you define profit - short term cash
or long term effects on the land and the people.
What is Indian Control?
Some Chiefs have expressed reservations about SINCO's interpretation
of "Indian Control of Indian
Economics". One Chief calls SINCO a "one-man
show'' and has held out against joining because the
Shareholder Bands do not have any say in the policies
and running of the corporation. '' As in any business,
they turn total responsibility over to the Board of Directors," explains Doug Cuthand.
Is that any different
from the old habit . of handing over economic responsibilities to the DIA? "We used to say the DIA was 20
years behind the non-Indian business world. Now they
are twenty years behind the Indian business world ." For
some Chiefs it is not a matter of who you hand over
responsibility to, it is a matter of not handing over their
responsibility at all. They want to be in a position to
discuss criteria besides profitability,
to determine
themselves whether impact studies have gone deep and
broad enough, and so forth.
Other bands do, however, feel they have enough control ov~r economic policies within SINCO as they affect
long term events. It will always be the decision of the
Band, first of all, to develop or not to develop the
resources of their land. If · a Band were to place its
resources at the disposal of SINCO, that Band would be
in a position to lay down its guidelines and criteria for
the development.
Taxation By Indian Governments
The Indian Governments have been considering the
whole question of taxation. Taxation all over the world
has been used both to raise government revenue and to
control business interests. SINCO does not pay corporate tax to the Canadian Government. The corporation directors profess themselves at ease with the idea of
paying their taxes to their Indian Governments.
The Corporation does not tax the income of status
employees and has not yet been asked to pay corporate
tax. This is not to say that the problems of majority control or of taxation inherant in Indian corporations have been totally eliminated 'SINCO expects to be challenged by Revenue Canada,
but they have their arguments based on the constitution
of the corporation itself. They are staying away from
the courts - and so is the Canadian Government. Both
apparently see the issue as one to be settled politically.
The Business Forecast
The corporation forecasts a trade turnover of $7 .12
million this year. For one Indian business in its third
year of business, that is good business by any standards.
If its bottom line is profitability - ''we're here to make
lots of bucks'' - then who in the business world is going
to ask questions?
■
SIN CO Consulting
began its business activities on April 1, 1981,
with one employee, and by
December 1981, had increased its staff to five and
a half. The company has
entered into contracts with
a wide variety of clients.
Affairs
- doing cross
cultural training for staff
and developing training
packages; and assessment
of the impact of land entitlement on the program
requirements of the DIA
over the next ten years.
Indian
Governments
and Indian controlled institutions
doing
evaluative
and
developmental
research
and planning in education, health, social services
and
socioeconomics; research and
technical
services;
organization
development, management
and
financial services.
Provincial Government
-over 25 Indian Awareness
training programs were
delivered to the Correc.
tions Branch of Social Services.
1982 forecasts SINCO
Consulting
going into
studies
to determine
viability of on and off
reserve business enterprises;
comprehensive
community planning and
urban oriented contracts.
Department
of Indian
Directions for 1982:
SINCO
Communications apparently goes into
business on June 1st with
a graphics and printing
business. There is speculation that it will develop into an advertising
and
publishing house.
Otherwise two major industrial contracts are on
the drawing board.
Railway Concrete
Tie Manufacturing
Central Planning
and Marketing for
Wood Products
There are seven Indianowned sawmills in Nor-·
them Saskatchewan, all of
which are struggling. The
small sawmills especially
have marketing problems
-as they cannot always
maintain quality. On the
other hand SINCO is
marketing
building
· materials.
By joining
forces, they plan to improve the quality of the
products and direct them
to the Indian market.
Both the Bands and SINCO staff see this as a satisfying maximisation of Indian resources.
Four
Saskatchewan
Bands and SINCO have
bought the technology and
patent for making concrete ties to replace the
soft wood ties presently
used
by
Canadian
railways. They have the
exclusive
use of this
technology. The railways Corporate Dreams
are beginning to use concrete ties instead of wood
How do corporate exas this is more efficient,
ecutives
dream?
Well,
and cheaper in the long they see the SINCO
run. The four interested
Chief's · head
on the
Bands lie close to the highways in the north,
railway network.
More
east, south, and west.
importantly,
they have _ Now they dream of seeing
good gravel
deposits.
it in the skies: an aviation
They see such a project as company.
Nothing
big
making maximum use of --just a few small . planes
their resource.
for passengers - at first. .. ■
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 27
�Thereare manyj!)bopportunities
.. ..
1ntlie RCMP.
One
·
c
ould
be
just
right
:,::~:::
::::
:.:
::-::
.: ~oruou
II
Wt(@:
~,
•
Yourknowledgeof a particularnativeor ethniccommunity.
its culture and languagecan be a valuableassetto you. if you
would like to serveyour own people.
The R.C.M.P.providesthesecommunitieswith professionalpolice
servicesandwelcomesCanadians
interestedin law enforcement.
If you meet the following requirements.and a ~arting
salaryof $23 .128 is attractive to you. you could be on
the pathof anextremelyrewardingandsatisfying
. future:
-a Canadiancitizenand 18 yearsof ageor over
- a high schoolgraduateor equivalent
in possession
of a valid driver'slicense
r
-of good characterand good health
-meet a visualacuity of not lessthan
6/12 -6/30. correctable to 6/ 6-6/ 9
-proficient in either Englishor French
- be readyto work anywherein Canada
.
Engagementprospectsandcareeropportunitiesareenhancedby knowledgeof a secondofficiallanguage.
If accepted.you will receiveintensivetraining
in alI aspectsof policework: law.investigations.
first aid and community relations.for example.This is an excellentopportunity to
work in aninterestingandchallenging
field.
If a careerwith the R.C.M.P.
interests
you. fill in the couponbelow and mail
it to us. or callyour nearestR.C.M.P.
office.
This position is opento both
men and women.
F:::jij~~~i~
-,-_
IT COULDBE FORYOU!
• I ~-
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•
•
:
The Commissioner
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R2
Ftf1}}
~i£
1~f??
•
•
ATTN Otticer i/c Rec ruiting
Yes. a career in the R.C.M.P. inte rests me .
•
•
••
•
No. 238
Name : .
Street: .
City :... .
•
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Postal Code :.
•
. Provi nce : ..
. . . . Tel. no.: ............
.
(Please al low several months for the qu alifyi ng procedu re.)
•••••••••••
28 JUNE, 1982
•••••••••••
•••••••
~-❖-::
'•❖ ,.
�Communications
of
the Future:
Telidon
by Danny Musqua
What is Telidon? It is basically a simple two-way
television co·mmunication system, and we are told it is
the most advanced system of its kind in the world. It is a
combined system of computer and telecommunication.
Already · many industrialized countries are developing
their own video tex systems, and it may not be too far in
the future when we will enjoy our own advance in its
development.
A Telidon video tex system consists of a monitor or a
slightly modified "T.V. set", an "interface" decoder
set, and a "Data bank" or "data base" where the information is stored or kept; than a telecommunication
system is developed whereby this information can be
retrieved from the data base by the outlying communities, the companies and corporations who store
their information there.
It changes the simple television set into a very powerful information tool. A trained person using the ''informative provider'' can get the required video tex page
together in about 5 or 10 minutes without any difficulty.
There is also no need to do a whole page over if there is
need to update the information on it: you can do that
right on the screen. The capabilities cut down the
operator's time on many tasks, saving a lot of time and
costs.
The Telidon system can also be used to send out information, a capability it has already demonstrated in
newspaper computerized typesetting, word processing,
update of weather on weather maps and other digital
systems of information.
It is a way of marketing; we can use it to find out
about Government Services, such as Manpower and Indian Affairs programs, cutting out a lot of red tape in
the process.
But it is Telidon's graphic capabilities which make it
really superior to other video tex systems. By pushing a
few buttons, the operator can use the natural language
of drawing, to build up a picture from basic geometric
element points. For example, it could be used in your
housing design, or structure for carpentry course, and it
could also be used for your basic land use design. Its
uses at the community level are unlimited.
The FSI drew up an exciting proposal to harness
Telidon to the needs of an Indian communication and
information system. The next step is the Telidon Field
Trials. We now go to Bands and Indian Government institutions to define what they want from the system.
Then we work with the Telidon technicians to create information systems that fit those information and communication needs in a way that we can use and understand. A similar set of "field trials" has been held with
Manitoba farmers and Telidon officials are now work-
ing with them to create programs to fit needs such as
weather-forecasting, a commodities index, a bookkeeping system and so on.
In our proposal we suggested initial work in six
categories: information,
education, training, administration,
communication
and socio-economic
development.
I. INFORMATION: Data Banks; we anticipate that
most Bands and organizations need information on:
i) public finance (Federal and Provincial programs)
ii) legislation and regulations
iii) economic indices including commodities, mining
forestry, agriculture, fishing, tourism and recreation
iv) transportation
v) Indian Government - treaties, legal precedents,
special legislation, demographics, institutions and services.
·
In the area of public finance it is anticipated that the
availability of the F.S.I. Telidon network will enable the
Department of Indian and Northern Affairs in particular, and other government departments in general,
to move quickly to re-organize their internal management information and accounting system so that they
will be accessible to Indian computers. These data banks
would be used mainly by the F.S.I. Administrative offices in Prince Albert, Saskatoon and Regina District
Offices, as our three colleges, S.I.N.C.O., our Indian
Agriculture Program, a limited number of libraries, our
Treaty Rights and Land Entitlement Research and most
importantly our Indian Band Communities.
II. EDUCATION:
A. Primary and Secondary Schools:· the Telidon system
would reduce the need for students to travel and to be
absent from home. Telidon should be used to carry out
core curriculum to outlying areas; with sufficient terminals and projection units this would be possible. It
would also augment correspondence courses, mobile
classrooms and workshops and itinerant teachers. Other
applications would not differ from the applications
suitable for non-Indian schools.
B. Professional, Vocational and Technical Schools: it is
anticipated that the Federated College and other post
secondary institutions will be making use of the Data
banks and information exchange described above .
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 29
�In Technical Trades: Telidon's abilities in describing mechanical structures and processes would be very
valuable.
Telidon would carry illustrated curriculum of the
shorter technical training courses, received on terminals
manned by an operator. Travel to and from distant
areas would be eliminated.
C. Cultural Education: Telidon's capacity to transmit
syllabics could make Indian language instruction a lot
easier. It could also be used in recording living history
which is contained in our Indian oral tradition. Traditional hunting, trapping, fishing techniques could be
graphically depicted.
III. TRAINING:
The target areas would be as follows: a) design and
construction of housing; b) carpentry; c) auto
mechanics; d) electrical mechanics; e) health and nutrition; f) sanitation; g) alternate energy sources and
technology; h) gardening; i) small scale sawmills; j) first
aid; k) letter, proposal and report writing; l) simple
bookkeeping and accounting.
The design of the instructional modules would allow
the user to proceed at his or her own level or speed.
IV. ADMINISTRATION:
All administrative units at the band, district and provincial level will be making use of the Data base, and an
integrated accounting system could be designed around
Telidon. This system would guard the confidentiality of
the affairs of bands. Similarly, charts for all F.S.I. Institutions and Federal, Provincial government departments could be designed to eliminate red tape and improve access to key persons.
V. COMMUNICATIONS:
Under the heading of communication is included all
subject matter which contributes to the development of
cultural consciousness and social solidarity. This would
include intercommunity games, entertainment, fund
raising schemes, softball, hockey scores, etc. etc.
VI. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
It would facilitate the S.I.N.C.O. Development Corporation by keeping an up to date inventory of band requirements and matching them with the market.
30 JUNE , 1982
Telidon will facilitate and develop regional purchasing
agencies and other such projects in which the bands and
institutions can pool their buying power and their other
economic resources. Telidon could be used most eff ectively in the land registry for processing claims, choosing entitlements and developing an inventory of land
and mineral resources and on and on. Its uses and what
it can do are numerous.
Our original proposal was drawn up by our consultant, Victor O'Connell. As the co-ordinator of Telidon
for the F.S.I. Field Trial Program, I find that basically
it is quite simple, and we will get the most out of it if we
keep it simple: because with this kind of technology one
can make it quite complicated in one's mind. I know I
did and I would thank Doug Cuthand for getting me
across this barrier. I would also like to thank Vince
Bellegarde who continues to help me in t]fo venture.
Telidon is the "Information system of the future". It
is our privilege to be one of its original users and to
adapt it to our own particular needs, having our own Indian data base.
■
3rd Annual Soccer
Tournament
Fairview Park - Saskatoon
August 7th & 8th, 1982
12 Teams Participating
Prize Value $2,000 ($800, $600, $400, $200)
European Championship Soccer Style Draw
First Class Soccer Field
with Night Field Lights
Official Referees
Concession on Premises
Showers, Change Rooms and
Washrooms on Premises
Entry Fee $150.00 per team
$50.00 refundable upon elimination
Each team responsible for admission at
gates $3.00 per day
NOTE: Entry Deadline and Draw Date
JULY 23,. 1982
Entries must be accompanied with a certified
cheque or money order, also a phone number
of your contact person.
Send to:
Allan Ross
Program Director
S.I.M.F.C.
168 Wall Street
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7K 1N4
�Senator John B. Tootoosis:
Ambassador to First Nations
by Archie Kin:~
John Tootoosis, 82, has been a crusader for Indian
rights since the turn of the century. At the age of 20
years h~ was attending band meetings with his father
and acted as a spokesman for Indian people at conferences.
It was in the early years that he travelled by train to
various Indian reserves. During one of his visits he was
given a ride on a car hood pulled by a saddle horse.
Having just enough money for a one-way train ticket
Tootoosis was given money by band members. By passing the hat around Tootoosis was able to visit the Indian
reserves.
''The thing I wanted to do was help my people, the
future of my children and what will be helpful for them
in the future," said Tootoosis.
It was during the 1920's that Senator Tootoosis tried
to organize the Indians of Saskatchewan. Indians required a permit to venture away from the reserve.
Tootoosis often never had a permit. But he was always
one step ahead of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
whom the Indian Affairs department had sent to bring
him back to the reserve.
Tootoosis saw his dream of a united Indian group
come true in 1958 when the various Indian groups in
Saskatchewan met in Fort Qu'"Appelle and formed the
Federation of Saskatchewan Indians.
After heading the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians for a number of years Tootoosis was replaced in
leadership. He later was appointed a senator in the
Federation of Saskatchewan Indians. Because of his
record in Indian leadership, Tootoosis was also appointed Ambassador to the World Council of Indigenous People.
During an interview Tootoosis said that the Wor!d
Council of Indigenous Peoples was the brainchild of
George Manuel, former leader of National Indian
Brotherhood. Manuel saw the need of aborigines to
unite as one common voice. And that's another dream
that's coming true.
It was while attending meetings of indigenous people
in Sweden and in South America that Tootoosis received a clear message, "early history has told us that the
strong nation upon reaching other nations overtook the
inhabitants and ruled over them 'by the sword',"
Tootoosis said.
Attending the World Congress of Indigenous Peoples
held at Australia in 1981, he saw the benefits and what
other indigenous people can learn from one another.
Following his appointment
as Ambassador,
Tootoosis has travelled to Australia, Alaska, and attended the American Indian Congress conference held
in United States. Most recently he has been travelling,
spreading the word on the World Assembly of First Nations to be held in Regina this year, from July 20 to
25th. He will be one of the many speakers to address the
assembly. He will also be assisting with the Elders conference that will be taking place then.
"I think the people are going to get great benefit from
it, the aborigines, for we in Canada are going to find out
what happened to these people 100 years ago, when the
big nations took ov.er their countries, how they have
been treated and how they are now.~'
■
Editor's Note: The biography of Senator John Tootoosis, which is
also a history of the Indian political movement in Saskatchewan,
will be available in July, 1982. Publishers:· Golden Dog Press,
· Kempville, Ontario.
International Indigenous Issues
The Saskatchewan Indian Federated College in conjunction with the
World Assembly of First Nations is offering a new university credit class
entitled INTERNATIONAL INDIGENOUS ISSUES between July 5th
-29th, 1982.
Speakers and panels of indigenous scholars are invited from across
the world, including: Australia, Central America, China, and U.S.A.
Prerequisites: Indian or Native Studies 100 or permissio.n of instructors.
Deadlines: For new students, June 9th, 1982. Others, June 24th,
1982.
For further information, contact: Blair Stonechild, SaskaJchewan
Indian Federated College, University of Regina, Phone: (306)
584-8333/8334 .
Introducing the
"Fourth World"
The Saskatchewan
Indian
Federated College, a concept long
dreamt of by Saskatchewan Indians,
was finally made a reality in May,
1976. At that time it became
federated with the University of
Regina.
Under the arrangement, the College remains under the control of a
Board of Directors composed of
_ several Saskatchewan Chiefs · and
appointee .Senators of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians.
-
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 31
�Since beginning its operations,
the College has seen a dramatic increase in Indian enrollment at the
University, from approximately
twenty on-campus students in the
fall semester of 1976 to about three
hundred twenty on-campus students
in the winter semester of 1982.
Indian input
courses.
into
University
Of primary importance to the
College, is the provision of service
to Indian Reserve communities
through the holding of classes on request, including a Distance Education program to Northern communities. In total, several hundred
off-campus students are enrolled.
The Colleges' programs
are
geared towards providing university
level professional training for In- ·
dians, although its clientele are not
solely Indian. Central to this objective is the Indian Studies Program,
which consists of a series of courses
leading to a three year Bachelor
degree in Indian Studies. Indian
Studies clarifies the Indian perspective in the areas of history, culture,
rights and traditions. Indian elders
provide guidance in all aspects of
programming.
Also leading to a Bachelor of Arts
degree is a 3 year course of studies in
Indian Art, and a three year course
of studies in Indian languages, including Cree, Ojibway, Dakota and
Dene.
Other areas in which Indian content has been introduced include the
Program in Indian Management
and Administration, leading to a
two year diploma or four year
Bachelors degree in Administration;
the Indian Social Work program
leading to a two year certificate or a
four year Beachelor's degree in
Social Work; and a program in Indian Education, Music Education,
Library Sciences and Environmental
Education.
Under "federated"
status, all
programs
of the college are
academically with those of the
university, thus meeting all university criteria for accrediation.
Through the '' open admissions''
policy of the University of Regina,
any person interested in experiencing university education is given the
oportunity to do so, and the College
has a broad program of remedial
programs to assist students in need.
WAFN opens new interest.
The class in International Indigenous Studies marks a new area
of interest for native people, an interest enhanced by the upcoming
World Assembly of First Nations in
Regina.
It is frequently pointed out by the
scholarly community that there are
aboriginal people in virtually every
country of the globe, including
countries such as China and India.
With more attention being focussed today on the situation of
aboriginal peoples, Indian people
are being made increasingly aware
of the similarities in cultures,
histories and current issues facing
them as groups.
George Manuel, past-President of
the World Council for Indigenous
People, is the invited keynote
speaker for the International Class.
He brings with him years of experience at the local, provincial and
federal levels of Indian organization
and has had the distinction of being
both President of the Union of
British Columbia Chief~ and of the
National Indian Brotherhood.
As founder and first President of
the World Council of Indigenous
People, George has had a first-hand
opportunity to meet many groups
around the world and to develop a
greater understanding
of their
views.
In his book ''The
Fourth
World,"
Manuel describes his
perception of the at least 40 million
Indigenous peoples as forming the
fourth great world group - the
Aboriginal World, alongside the
Technological,
Agrarian
and
Underdeveloped Worlds. He identified the need for the Fourth World
to emerge as a world force.
The intent of the · International
Class is to introduce the student to
the "Fourth World" of aboriginal
people. Basic information as to indigenous populations and their circumstances will be covered and to
underscore the importance of obtaining firsthand information, the
course has invited several guest
speakers from the indigenous
groups.
George Manuel.
Some of the invited lecturers and
proposed topics are:
• Kirk Kickingbird, Executive
Director, Institute for the
Development of Indian Law,
Washington, D.C.
Topic: Indian Lands in the
United States.
• Hugeo Dixon, Lawyer,
Panama
Topic: Law and Indigenous
Peoples in Central America
• Mildren Wilson Delevy,
Nicaragua
Topic: Indigenous Peoples in
Central America
• Eugenia Villa-Posse, Colombia
Topic: Indigenous Peoples in
South America and their Relationship to Dominant Culture
• Crispin Izquierdo Torres, Colombia
Topic: Indigenous Peoples of
South America
• Dr. Sikio Samula, Norway
Topic: Sarni History
• Dr. Don Hohepa, University
of New Zealand, Aukland
Topic: Indigenous Peoples of
New Zealand
• Dr. Chien, China
Topic: Indigenous Peoples of
China
This list of resource persons has
yet to be finally confirmed and may
change.
The class will be held from July 5
- July 29th, Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. - noon. Students will
have the opportunity to become involved in the World Assembly of
First Nations events.
Students should have taken an introductory Indian or Native Studies
course or seek permission of the instructor.
32 JUNE, 1982
�Feather Mightier
Than The Sword
by Archie King
t
REGINA - A total of 15 Indian
journalists will soon be telling it like.
it is, bringing down the feather on
paper rather than the sword.
Upon learning that the Indian
Federated College, in cohoots with
the School of Journalism and Communication, have conspired against
fifteen Indian guinea pigs in a pilot
course on Indian journalism, we
were curious. We registered.
Many of the future journalists
thought we would be faced with the
common problem of listening to
some boring speeches, but behold
David, Dave, Caroline and Jerry
soon had the paper and pen out and
running. Time soon had the class in .
with the pounding of the typewriters
and the pounding of the feet on the
pavement, carrying binders filled
with writings of classes held
beforehand and ready for the next.
Then the time arrived for the
guinea pigs to stretch the rawhide,
to sit down with the ad hoc group
and 'tell what went wrong' - like extended coffee breaks, less talk but
more action, ability to stretch the
dollar, getting typists to type out
assignments, and interest in more
specialized fields.
At the end of the first month,
after lectures and assignments on
news writing, research, interviewing, typesetting and printing, the
class goes to press with their own
paper.
Next month, their focus changes
to radio and television skills.
Presenting the future of Canada's
finest include:
... Angela '{hompson, the petite
gal with the laugh who did not lose
her way back from Sinxtaluta on a
job assignment for One Voice, One
People .
... Daryle Lavalle treads his way
quiet and seldom is heard but can be
seen writing his sports article .
... Sam Isaac comes with an artistic talent that can be seen on the
first page of the class' paper.
... Willie
Bellegarde
demonstrating some wrestling holds
also comes to the class with artistic
talent.
... Martha lronstar, the camera
buff, hails from the south.
... Verna Bellegarde comes to the
class after serving some time with
Saskatchewan Indian but recently
saw the bright TV lights.
. .. Ken Fiddler, dancing to a foot
stomping tune, found his way back
to see the end of the rainbow.
... Stephanie Rogers hails from
the east but has kept her feet on
western ground to assist many in
their deep thoughts.
... Gloria Ledoux of Saskatchewan Indian soon found out
where she left the who, what, where.
... Leanne Poitras will emerge on
the writing scene when she finally
finishes her book.
... Archie King, the writing
veteran of Saskatchewan Indian,
now knows what went wrong ponding the news beat.
. .. Norma Jim hails from the
north leaving her stint with CBC for
her journalistic insight in TV.
... Dale Burns divides his time ·
throwing the ball and returning to
Saskatoon.
... Peggy Johnson
will soon
become the lady on the T. V. tube
after finishing the class.
Editor's Note: Most of the staff of
FSI Media Communications are in
this course. Their work load has
been very heavy and will be so for
the next month.
The
understanding and assistance of
Bands and Districts is appreciated.
Please do not hesitate to send us
copy and pictures that you would
like included in the "Saskatchewan
lndian".
■
IN.DIAN:
.SOCIALWORK
EDUCATIONPROGRAM
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 33
�c:
The Saskatchewan Indian Federated College will be
offering the following classes during the Fall '82
semester at the University of Regina:
Admin
Cree
Cree
Cree
Cree
Humanities
Ojibway
Ojibway
Ind. Studies
Ind. Studies
Ind. Studies
Ind. Studies
Ind. Studies
Ind. Studies
Ind. Studies
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
220
100A
100B
101
200
250
Nl00
NlOl
100
NlOO
N220
N225
230
240
301
I
Ind. Studies
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
l
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
Indian Art
I
History
Indian Art History
Students are reminded of the
deadline dates for applications:
Out of Province - July 30th, 1982
In Province - August 13th, 1982
For further information
please contact:
Admissions/ Counselling Unit,
Saskatchewan Indian
Federated College
Classroom Building C-4,
University of Regina,
REGINA, SASKATCHEWAN.
S4S 0A2
Phone: (306) 584-8333
34 JUNE, 1982
N325
Nl00
200
210
230
240
250
260
300
330
330
350
100
202
·Saskatc hewan Indian
Federated
College
Announces Fall
1982 Classes
All students considering entering the Saskatchewan
Indian Federated College at the University of Regina for
the Fall '82 Semester must take our assessments in
English and Mathematics unless y.ou have full grade XII
standing. If you speak Cree and wish to by-pass Cree
100, you must take a test in Cree. These assessments are
necessary to .help us counsel you into classes best suited
to your needs. They are not entrance exams.
Assessmen t Dates:
.May 17, June 14, July 12, 26, and August 3, 13,
and 30.
The assessments will be scheduled as follows:
10:00 a.m. - 11:45 a.m. - English
1:00 p.m. - 2:45 p.m. - Mathematics
3:00 p.m. - 3:30 p.m. - Cree (Optional)
All Saskatchewan students are expected to arrange
to attend one of the above assessment dates. If
necessary, out-of-province students may have special
times arranged.
For more information or to arrange for assessment
and ~ounselling, telephone S.I.F.C. (306) 584-8333 (Admissions and Counselling Unit, Extension 33).
Special Dates
July 30, Friday - Closing date for receipt of out-of-
province undergraduate applications for admission for
the 1982 Fall Semester (82F).
August 13, Friday - Closing date for receipt from
Saskatchewan students of completed undergraduate applications for admission, renewal of applications for admissions and faculty transfers for the 1982 Fall Semester
(82F).
September 3, Friday - Last day of registration for all
undergraduate students for the 1982 Fall Semester
(82F). After this date, late registrants will require written approval from their Dean's Offices and their instructors.
September 7, Tuesday - Lectures Begin.
■
�3rdAnnual$AKIMAY CELEBRATION
1982
POWWOW
JUNE25-26-27,1982
ACOOSE
MemorialRoadRace
•
FROM
GRENFELL,
SASK.
5 miles N. on 47 Hwy., 4 miles E. & 10 miles N.E.
FROM
MELVILLE,
SASK
.
2'5 miles S. on 47 Hwy., 6 miles E.
$7,800 PRIZEMONEY* First Grand Entry
BOYS'FANCY {9-16)
BOYS' FANCY {1-8)
1. $200.00
2. $150.00
3. $100.00
1. $100.00
2. $75.00
3. $50.00
MENS TRADmONAL
BOYS'TRADITIONAL{9-16)
BOYS'TRADIDONAL (1-8)
1. $700.00
2. $500.00
3. $300.00
1. $200.00
2. $150.00
3. $100.00
1. $100.00
2. $75.00
3. $50.00
LADIES' FANCY
GIRLS'FANCY {9-16)
GIRLS'FANCY (1-8)
1. $500.00
2. $350.00
3. $200.00
1. $200.00
2. $150.00
3. $100.00
1. $100.00
2. $75.00
3. $50.00
LADIES'TRADmONAL
GIRLS'TRADmONAL {9-16)
GIRLS'TRADmONAL {1-8)
1. $500.00
2. $350.00
3. $200.00
1. $200.00
2. $150.00
3. $100.00
1. $100.00
2. $75.00
3. $50.00
SECRETARY
Marie Kaye
VICE-PRESIDENT
Thomas Kaye
TREASURER
Sam Bunnie
For more information call,
697-3433 or 697-3260
CONCESSIONSOH GP.OUHDS
HOSTDRUM
M.C.'sin
DAKOTA
GordonMorriseau
SAULTEAUX
Mike Pinay
TheCrookedlake
* All Drums
must register.
* Dancers must register
in only one category.
* Registration Date
closes on Saturday,
June 26, 1982.
* Eliminations every day
* R.C.M.P. in
atten dance.
* Give-Aways Saturday
and Sunday mornings.
Agency Singers
Hot Responsible for Accidents
* Food Rations Doily
* Grand Entry Daily
at 2 p.m. and 7 P·l'!l·
CREE
Committee
------
1. $700.00
2. $500.00
3. $300.00
PRESfrlENT
Harry Penny
.
Friday , 7,00 P.M.
MENS FANCY
* Drums Paid Doily
.
Everyone Welcome
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 35
�Did
Saskatchewan
Indian
Community
College
Courses
Help You?
~
Student Follow-Up
Study
Have you ever taken a training
course from the Saskatchewan Indian Community College (SICC)? If
so, the SICC is interested in hearing
how the training has helped you.
From 1976 to 1981, the SICC has
put on over 300 training courses on
Indian reserves in Saskatchewan.
SICC Course at Poorman's Reserve.
\
�A Course on
"How To Have Fun"
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN RECREATION
DIRECTORS TRAINING PROGRAM
by Judy Anderson
Cabinet Making at Piapot.
Through these courses, over 4,000
people have received skills aimed at
helping them find jobs.
One of the more common SICC
courses has been Adult Basic Education (ABE), or upgrading as it is
usually called. People who have
taken ABE courses have tried to get
their Grade 10 certificates.
Other SICC courses that have
been popular have been in the skilled trades. These include carpentry,
electrical, plumbing and heating,
truck driver training and motor
vehicle mechanics .
The SICC is interested in finding
out if these courses have helped people in finding jobs.
Researchers To Visit
Reserves In Summer
The SICC has hired a number of
research assistants to visit the
reserves this summer to interview
former SICv students. Marjorie
Eagle is working in the Saskatoon
District, Laurie Mike in Yorkton,
Cheryl Morin in Touchwood/File
Hills/Qu' Appelle District, Dennis
Esperance in North Battleford
District, Robert Merasty in Meadow
Lake District and Donna Morin in
Prince Albert and Shellbrook
Districts.
These research assistants will be
visiting most reserves in the province to interview former SICC
students. It can be difficult to reach
former students, so if you have
Well, the Saskatchewan Indian
Recreation Directors Training Program is now underway. The program kicked off at St. Peter's College in Muenster, Saskatchewan
with 34 students enrolled. The
recreation directors are from all
parts of Saskatchewan with the
farthest being from Fond du Lac .
The course is a two-year program which has been divided into
four teaching cycles. Each cycle is
two weeks long, and to graduate
from the program a student must
successfully complete all four
cycles. The first cycle was from
January 25 to February 4, 1982;
the second cycle was from April 19
to April 30, 1982 and the third will
be from September 19 to October
1, 1982.
Each teaching cycle begins on
a Sunday evening with a "get acquainted" social, registration and
room assignment. The first day of
class begins at 7:00 a.m. with an
invigorating morning warm-up
and jog and although not all of the
recreation directors are in peak
shape, they all participate; much to
the anguish of some! After morning exercises and a quick shower
the students meet for breakfast at
8:00 a.m. in a large eating room.
The meals are terrific -- all home
taken a course from the SICC, it
would be appreciated if you would
allow yourself to be interviewed
when the research assistants visit
your reserve.
Information
about
when a
NOTICE
to all former
Saskatchewan Indian
Community College Students
The College is conducting
a follow-up study
cooked meals with fresh bread
everyday!
Classes being at 8:30 sharp
and run till noon and then from
1:00 to 4:00 p.m. each day. The
students are required to attend all
classes, write all exams and hand in
various classroom assignments and
papers. After class the students
. have free time till 7:00 p.m. when
the evening program begins. The
evening program may be a softball
game, a soccer clinic, talent show
or a pow wow. The emphasis of
the night progam is to "make learning fun" and with a lot of hard
work and dedication, the students
do seem to have fun!
The day usually draws to an
end around 10:30 p.m. The remainder of the evening is spent in
the lounge where the coffee pot is
always on and there is always someone who has a new joke or
story.
Glen Ahenakew, one of the
younger people on the course, said
he found the course worthwhile
and that the location at St. Peter's
had helped the group to operate
"as one big family".
The Recreation
Directors
Training program is a lot of work
with long hours; however, the
students have proven that learning
can be fun!
■
research assistant will be on your
reserve, will be posted in your Band
Office. · If you require any further
information, call the SICC collect at
244-4444 and ask for Vern Bachiu.
Your co-operation is appreciated. ■
A Research Assistant will be
on your reserve this summer
to interview all
former students.
For further info:
Call 244-4444 (Saskatoon)
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 37
�DISTRICT
JAMES SMITH BAND
BI-ELECTION
by Philip Morin
Elders Conf erenee Organized by
Health Committee
MAKW A SAHGAIEHCAN - A
two-day workshop dealing with Indian issues were discussed by Indian
elders during the Elders conference
organized by the Health Committee
of this Indian reserve.
Various elders including Ed
Bellrose of Alberta, Ed Oaknee and
Norman Sunchild of Thunderchild,
Smith Atimoyoo of Saskatoon,
Rose Atimoyo o of Meadow Lake,
Alex Stick, and Tom Blackbird were_
just a few local elders whom shared
their words of wisdom.
Ed Bellrose of Hobbemma Indian
reserve, Alberta, addressing the
young people explained the process
of Indian culture in relation to
Mother nature. Bellrose delivered
an emotional message during the
two days that left the young people
thinking.
A traditional feast and circle
by A. King
dance
held during the evening concluded
the day's activities. The latter is one
dance that is on the upswing in the
western part of the province.
Chief Rod Okemow of Luckyman
Indian
band was master
of
ceremonies during the first day
while Andrew Okemow also of
Luckyman was the master of
ceremonies during the second day .
Concluding the emotional and inform at iv e two
days
Alma
Kaytawhat,
community
health
representative, gave thanks to the
elders and to members of the health
committee and band members
''without your attendance at the
bingo games the two days would not
have been possible, but I also want
to thank our granfathers for coming," said Kaytawhat.
■
3rd ANNUALFAMILY
CULTURAL CAMP
IRENEFINEDAY
HILDA SWIFrWOLFE
AT: 445 .. 7734
38 JUNE, 1982
The month of the frog (April) was
a good month to go to the polls and
while some politicians went down
with the ship, others were more fortunate.
The Indian Reserve of James
Smith situated near the forks of the
. north and south Saskatchewan
rivers, held a bi-election this spring
and after the dust cleared the victors
were Terry Sanderson and Ray
Sanderson. The two young Indian
band headmen have b~en actively
involved in Indian politics for
several years and their energy and
skills will be a great asset for their
people and Band as a whole.
Terry is a well-known sportsman
and a tireless sports and recreation
organizer and has been instrumental
with the James Smith Band being an
annual contender in the sports
circles and recreation developments.
Ray has been involved in politics
and is an advocate of Indian Treaty
Rights. Terry and Ray join Chief
Isaac Daniels and headmen Abby
Moostoose and Cliff Marion on the
James Smith Band Council.
The bi-election was called following the sudden passing of headman,
Michael Burns.
■
ELECTIONS AT
POORMAN'S AND
GORDON RESERVES
In Poorman's election held on
Friday, April 23, 1982, Richard
Poorman upset incumbent Chief
Howard Dustyhorn and hopeful,
Vincent Amiskusees.
Chief Poorman's council includes:
Roland Dustyhorn
Thomas Faval
Glen Worm
Victor Machiskinic
Edward Desjarlais
�NEWS
ONION LAKE
UPGRADING GRADS
The
1981-82
Onion
Lake
Upgrading Class 7-10 programme
held their graduation banquet on
Friday, March 26th in Lloydminster. Four students out bf a class
of seven were in attendance. They
were
Gloria
Lewis,
Gertie
Pahtayken, Linda Naistus and Julie
Whits tone.
Each student received diplomas
from the Saskatchewan
Indian
Community College for either their
academic, social or creative writing
achievements or for their excellent .
attendance while enrolled in the
Upgrading Course.
Bruce Carter,
Assistant
coordinator
for the Onion Lake
Education Programme, toasted the
graduates with words of praise and
encouragement.
He urged the
students to apply for any courses
which might become available and
which might enhance their academic
or vocational skills. Both Joe and
Bruce urged the graduates to keep in
touch with the Onion Lake Band office.
Wilfred Chocan, elder and a band
council member for Onion Lake
Rita Worm
Wilfred Machiskinic
Bill Stronga rm
Mary H. Dustyhorn
Allan Asapace
Dexter Asapace
Hilliard McNab steps down.
On Gordons, after many years as
Chief, Hilliard McNab decided to
step down and let a younger man
take over. His decision threw open
the flood gates, as 5 good men let
their names stand for nomination;
they were Wayne Morris, Winston
Gordon, Edward Bitternose, Bryan
McNabb, and Herman Blind. As E
Left to right: Gloria Lewis, Gertie Pahtayhen, Linda Maisters;
(seated) Julie Whetstone.
Reserve , congratulated the students
for their academic achievements and
thanked Peggy Durant for instructing the upgrading students.
In speaking to the graduates,
Vern Bachiu from the Saskatchewan
Indian Community College, Saskatoon, outlined the kinds of pro- ,
grammes offered by the Sask. Indian Community College and congratulated the Onion Lake Band
Council and educational officials
for their active role in initiating continuing education courses such as
welding,
cabinet
making
and
upgrading courses on Onion Lake
Reserve.
Gloria Lewis, who earned her
Grade 10 along with the three other
day approached,
his name.
Herman withdrew
Elections were held on Tuesday,
April 27, 1982 and when the tally
was in, Wayne Morris was declared
Chief, his council includes:
Hilliard McNab
Robert Blind
Darrell Bitternose
Jeanette Bitternose
Dennis Hunter
Sydney "Flip" Bird
Sandra Pratt
Clarence Pratt
Henry Geddes
Dereck Morris
Dennis "Punchy" Bird
Howie Anderson
Congratulations and Good
Luck.
■
young women attending the graduation, delivered the valedictorian address.
■
FILE HILLS
RESIDENTIAL
SCHOOL REUNION
DATE: 23 July 1982
PLACE: Four Seasoris, Regina
SOCIAL HOUR: 4:00 p.m. to
6:00 p.m.
BANQUET: 6:00 p.m. to 8:
p.m.
DANCE: 8:30 p.m. to ----a
REGISTRATION:
$25.00 per couple
$15.00 single
To be paid by July 1, 1982
Send money order or pay in cashtO¼:
the File Hills Residential School
Committee:
Wilfred Deiter
248 Angus Street
REGINA, Saskatchewan
S4R 3K5
Benny Stonechild
Box 763
BALCARRES, Saskatchewan
SOGOCO
Gregg Brass
Box 441
BALCARRES, Saskatchewan
SOGOCO
Keith Deiter
908 Queen Street
REGINA, Saskatchewan
S4T 4A7
For further information,
Keith Deiter at 352-4759
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 39
�World
1
Auembly of
First
Notions
Auemblee
lnternotlonole
des notions
outochtone1
Want to be
Asamblea
Internacional
de las naclone1
autoctona1
a reporter?
Enter a new career with a
12-month program in Native
Communications.
On-the-job
assignments at the Alberta
Native Communications Society
in photography , reporting, radio
and television production and
classes at Grant MacEwan
Community College train you
for this interesting career.
FIRST NATIONS INTERNATIONAL
NATIVE GOLF
TOURNAMENT
July 22, 23 & 24, 1982
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
~
'
OVER $25,000.00 IN TROPHIES
AND PRIZES;Golf equipment, etc.
Field experience and many ass"Pgnmentsare
done outside Edmonton in Native communities.
Workshops in the mountains with Elders are a
vital part of the program-.
'
~
EVENT
NO.
ENTRY FEE
MEN
LADIES
SENIORMEN (45 and over)
JUNIOR MEN(16 and under)
160
80
40
40
$100 .00
$100.00
$60.00
$50.00
A desire to be a Native communicator will be
your best qualification. High School education is
pref erred but ·not essential.
The course begins September 1. For info rmation and applications contact Barbara Beeson,
9311 - 60 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta , T6E 0C2,
(403)437-0580.
Mail Entry Fee by Money Order or Certified Cheque to :
International Golf l ournament (WAFN)
915-22nd Street West
askato on, askatchewan
57M 0R9
Accommodation s: The R lax Inn Is available, please make yo ur own reservations
at (306) 565-0455.
Grant MacEwan
Community College
Entry Fee includes:
•
3 days Green F es •
weater •
Deadline for Entry F e:
ap • Bag tag •
June 18, 1982
Banquet •
For more information telephone :
Andy Michael (306) 242-3600 or Oliver Cameron (306) 244-4444
,-----------------
----------7
SASKATCHEWANI
§.
~
The Saskat chel(lan Indian
PO Box O 5
Sa kato o n . askat chew an .
••
I
Free to Indian people
in Sa•katchewan
(include Band and Treaty No .)
an d,,
7K 3 9
I am enclosing $12 .00 by cheque or money ord er for a one -yea r subscript ion
Please send the newsmaga zine to
Name . __
__
_
___________________
Treaty N o .: ___________
_
_
__
_
Ba nd
Addr ess:
I
I
I __ _ _____
L
40 JUNE , 1982
Postal Code
_
__ J
�positions to pass favors of thousands or millions .of
dollars to questionable outside interests.
v,~rI,WP...~
vYIWWR.ffl
VIEWPOINT
by Art Irvine
Saskatchewan Conservatives have swept to power
with startling ease. Removal of a provincial gasoline tax
and subsidized home mortgage interest rates were attractive vote getters. More than that was an electorate
uneasy over the extent of civil service, crown corporations, land bank activities and other central controls.
Except under unusual circumstances, every government should be removed after 8 years. This is long
enough to tolerate appointments based on the political
affiliations of any party. This belief, more than an ineffective administration, was responsible for the removal
of a capable NDP government.
Two women cabinet ministers are included in the
new government, an obvious plus. Women provide a
different anc~ often more intelligent point of view on
many issues.
Imaginative and effective youth programs should
be a priority. Many youth, including native youth,
wander around like lost sheep instead of being trained
to meet future demands. Their priorities, like the
generation before them, are junk food, alcohol, tobacco, drugs and other destructibles. Under such circumstances government programming cannot be fully
effective and the future will remain in doubt. Youth are
the future and the important part of the present.
It will be interesting to see how the Indian situation
is handled. It is important that Indian people participate
and have the opportunity to express their views prior to
establishing programs which affect their lives. It is important to consider Indian views and then act. Too
often the reverse has been true.
■
Just after the election the Regina Leader Post
published an interesting article from Quebec. Following
is a condensed version of that article:
"Jean Guy never worried about working up a sweat
in the years he worked for the Quebec Social Affairs
Department. His average day was spent drinking coffee
and shooting the breeze with colleagues. Jean Guy who
declined to reveal his last name was part of a group paid
25 to $50,000 annually to do absolutely nothing. Such
activities undermine public confidence in government.
TOO MANY CIVIL SERVANTS DOING NOTHING
The Parti Quebecois tried harder than previous administrations to deal with the situation but acknowledge
only minimal success. The larger the government the
harder it is to control the problem. Quebec with a 6
million population has 342,000 public-sector employees.
California, with a plus 23 million population has
220,000 state workers. The province's annual payroll is
nearly $12 billion - more than half its budget. Civil service buildings, travel, training, and other expenses require even heavier subsidization. The total cost for each
Quebecer for public-sector employees probably exceeds
$4,000.
"'
You can do all you want and pass all the rules you
wish, but you never effectively control all civil
servants."
The situ~tion described in the article exists to varying degrees in all government administrations. It illustrates the necessity of periodically removing any
government, regardless of who they are. Federally or
provincially taxpayers finally rebel over the increased
taxation required to cover the waste, extravagance and
other inefficiencies of ballooned administrations. It is
not the unproductive 25 to $50,000 employees who are
the real burden. It is officials who hire professional
spongers while building their own empires and use their
BAHA'ICONTINENTAL
INDIGENOUS
COUNCIL
You shall indeed become lighted torches
of the globe...
-'Abdu'l-Baha
Indigenous peoples in the Western Hemisphere
arc now arising to take on their spiritual, global role as
envisioned over 100 years ago by Baha'u'llah, ProphetMessenger of the Baha'{ Faith. Following His guidelines for world unity in the spirit of the oneness of
God, the oneness of His Prophets and Messengers
and the oneness of mankind, the Baha'{ Continental
Indigenous Council invites you to the Blood Reserve,
Albcrta,August 12-15, 1982.
From there, representatives will join in UNITY at
the International Baha'i Conference in Montreal,
September 2-5, 1982, where 10,000 representatives
from all races and colors arc expected to attend from
the Western Hemisphere.
SASKATCHEWAN
INDIAN 41
�Farm
Talk
are substantially increased when sown with alfalfa.
Intermediate wheatgrass is a high producer under
irrigation with good drainage . It can outyield crested
wheatgrass on dryland and is productive in most areas
where bromegrass does well. Chief and Clarke are
recommended varieties . Yields are substantially increased when sown with alfalfa. Greenleaf pubescent
wheatgrass is similar and an ideal substitute.
Slender wheatgrass establishes quickly and is often
cut for hay the year it is seeded. It is used in short rotations because product ion decreases substantially after
three or four years. It withstands up to five weeks of
spring flooding. Revenue is the recommended variety.
by Art Irvine
Forage Crops
1982 Forage Crop Recommendations are available
at Agricultural Representative Offices throughout the
province. Use these offices, they are for your use and
benefit.
Early season grazing sharply reduces the carrying
capacity of native grasses. They should not be grazed
before June. Half the average seasons growth should be
carried over in the fall to protect the seedlings in the spring.
Converting native prairie to seeded grasses and
legumes offers exciting possibilities for increasing
pasture and hay productio _n and lengthening the pasture
season. Understanding growth characteristics and
seasonal palatabilities is important.
CHOOSING THE GRASSES
Russian wild ryegrass grows from early spring to
late fall. It remains palatable and nutritional
throughout the summer and into early winter. Wild
ryegrass does not establish as rapidly as other grasses. It
does not do as well on sandy soils as crested wheatgrass.
It withstands up to two weeks of spring flooding .
Recommended varieties are Sawki, Mayak, Cabrae and
Swift. Yields are substantially incteased when sown with
alfalfa.
Crested wheatgrass starts growth early in the spring
with the greatest production in May and June. It makes
excellent spring pasture and hay. Hay quality is high
when cut before flowering. It withstands up to one week
of flooding. Recommended varieties are Fairway,
Parkway, Nordon and Summit. Fairway and Parkway
persist better in the Black and Grey soil zones. Yields
are substantially increased when sown with alfalfa ..
Bromegrass has its greatest growth in June and July. Early spring grazing reduces carrying capacity.
Bromegrass is particularly suited to the Black soil zone.
The best period to pasture it is midsummer. It
withstands up to three weeks of spring flooding.
Recommended varieties are Carlton and Magna. Yields
42 JUNE, 1982
Tall wheatgrass is a long-lined bunch grass with
coarse stems and leaves. It does well in salme soils which
tend to be wet. It withstands up to four weeks of spring
flooding. Orbit is the recommended variety.
Streambank wheatgrass is ideal for canal banks,
roadsides, ditches, aircraft landing fields and similar
type areas. It is suitable for unwatered lawns. It has a
strong creeping -ro ot system which forms a smooth sod.
It should not be watered and is recommended for only
the brown and dark brown soil zone s. Sodar is the
recommended variety.
Creeping red fescue is a long-lived grass with creeping roots which form a dense sod. It's use is limited to
the Black and Grey soil zones, and watered lawns and irrigated pastures in other zones. It lacks drought
resistance. Boreal is the recommended variety.
Reed canarygrass is a tall, coarse leafy grass with
extensive creeping roots and is not very palatable. It is
used in wet areas becau se it can survive over two months
in shallow water. It usually lasts only a couple of years
on dry upland soils. Frontier and Castor are recommended varieties.
KenhJcky bluegrass is productive in irrigated
pastures and is ideal for watered lawns. It usually does
well in the park belt, even when extra water is not provided. Troy is the recommended forage variety.
Timothy is a palatable, nutritious forage not
generally recommended for hay or pasture in Saskatchewan because it lacks drought resistance. It is a fairly
short-lived bunch grass that is readily eaten by
livestock. It stands up to five weeks of spring flooding
ut has little or no tolerance to alkali soil conditions . It
has been a successful seed crop in northern districts.
Climax, Champ and Basho are varieties recomme nded
for seed production.
Orchardgrass generally lacks winterhardiness in
Saskatchewan, but under irrigation or in high moisture
areas, .it can survive for several years. It is used for
pasture instead of hay with its rapid regrowth permitting grazing throughou t the summer. It should be sown
on fertile soils. Kay is a winter ha rdy variety recom mended in this province .
�MIXING LEGUMES WITH GRASSES
lying, poorly drained soils and has limited drought
resistance. It yields ½ less than alfalfa on well-drained
upland soils. It is not as winter hardy as alfalfa. Its pods
shatter easily after the seed matures. Its greatest use is
where alfalfa should not be grown because of poor
drainage, acidity or bloat problems. Because it does not
cause bloat it is particularly useful for pastures.
Grass-legumes mixtures are more productive than
pure grass stands because legumes use air nitrogen for
its nutrient requirements, and sod-bound situations are
reduced. Legumes use air nitrogen throughout the action of bacteria that live in their root nodules. Innoculate seed with appropriate bacterial culture to
achieve maximum nitrogen fixation.
Where soil
nitrogen is deficien t legumes yield more than grasses
because they do not depend on the soil for their total
nitrogen supply . Legumes hay contains more protein
than grass and is beneficial for young animals and milking cows.
SEEDING
Early fall seeding in late August or September is
recommended only when moist 'ure conditions are good.
Legumes must. be seeded prior to August 15.
Late October seeding just before freeze-up helps
ensure early spring germination. Seeding into clean
stubble is recommended. Do not use sweetclover in the
late fall.
Alfalfa is a long -lived perennial legume with a
deeply penetrating root. It has its greatest growth in
June and July. Used with grasses it doubles forage
yields. Legumes prevent grasses from becoming sodbound and prolong the productive life of the stand .
Grass-legume mixtures produce a more balanced feed.
Creeping root varieties are more winter hardy and
slightly lower yielding than tap root varieties. Recommended creeping root varieties of alfalfa are Rambler,
Ros mer, Dry lander, Kane and Rangeland er. Recommended tap root varieties are Beaver, Vernal and Anchor.
Spring seeding should be done before grain seeding
becomes general. In moist areas, seeding as late as June
has a reasonable chance of success. Summerfallow
should always be seeded in the sprin .
Companion crops should not be used when seeding
stubble land. They may be used when seeding summerfallow. Drill the companion crop first at half the normal
rate, preferably through every other run of the seeder.
Drill the forage crop separately and crosswise. Wheat or
flax are less competitive and are recommended companion crops. Oats or fall rye may be used providing they
are grazed or removed early for hay, or silage. Rape is
too competitive and should not be used as a companion
crop. Companion crops compete for"ffl , isture. Used improperly they could reduce future f>P e yiel s.·
Sainfoin is an alternative for alfalfa where bloat is
a problem. It is a legume which grows three feet or more
in height under favorable conditions. The stems tend
toward coarseness but remain succulent well into
maturity. It does well where moisture is plentiful but
cannot withstand flooding. It does poorly where there is
a high water table. Yields compare with alfalfa when
one cut is harvested each season. Alfalfa yields more on
second and third cuts. Sainfoin is a productive source of
pollen and nectar. It is pollinated by honeybees and wild
bees and sets regularly. A special innc tlant is required
and should be ordered well in advance of seeding.
Melrose and Nova are recommended varieties.
,
Ill,;,~;,.
•~rq,
'1
Sweetclover is a hardy, drought-resistant bienn ·al.
If spring seeded it can produce a crop the next season. It \,
is a legume not likely to survive over one w~ek of
flooding. It is often used for silage or soil improvement.
Yuken is the recommended yellow-flowered variety.
Polara is the recommended white-flowered variety.
Recommended Red Clover varieties are Altaswede
and Norlac; single-cut varieties with reasonable winter
hardiness. Unaer suitable moisture conditions they
usually produce two seed crops. When grown for forage
they seldom are productive for over two years.
·. ~~
Alsike Clover is a short-lived perennial which readi-~- ·cast g\
ly reseeds itself. Spring flooding tolerance of established
Je air
l~.,,.,.lll!Y•.•.1:
--.
stands is 14 to 21 days. It is the best available legume o\
Jes t '
sow with grasses in wet meadows and peat bogs. It is not
drought resistant and sometimes win(er kills. Recommended varieties are Aurora and Dawn.
Birdsfood Trefoil is a non-bloating
legume
resembling alfalfa except that it tends to lie down. The
pods extend at right angles to the stem at maturity giving the appearance of a bird's foot. It does well in low-
■
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 43
�4-H
REPORT
4-H Achievement
Days
Timber Bay - Fifty-four 4-H'e rs
received 4-H Certificates at their
final achievement day on May 7.
Work wa s displayed in the following
completed projects : cooking, sewing, firearm safety, leather mitts ,
needlework, physical fitness and
singing. A good effort, Timber Bay!
Little Pine - Leader Myrtle Bear
reports that May 10 was the date of
t he c lub' s achievement
day .
Cushion making and clothespin
sculp ture were the projects completed .
Onion Lake - A pot-luck supper ,
ever yone' s fa vorite, was the focus
for the 4-H Crafts Club Achieve ment Day. Fifty -four members completed any of the following 4-H pro j ects: woodwork (leader: Weldon
Par son s), macrame
(Dorothee
Wa skewitch) , embroidery (Florence
Blo is) , and ceramics (Bev Kropinske
and Eileen Woodward).
General
leader was Marilyn Carter. Like
man y 4-H'ers, Onion Lake is full of
enthu siastic ones!
Joseph Bighead - Sled-making in
4-H? You bet. Twelve 4-H'ers hand buil t sleds with the help of 4-H
lead er Joe Zeiglgansberger. Other
proje cts included candle making
(lead er : Lesley Cornwall), knitting
(Sylvia Lepine), macrame (Robin
Ha yslip), and cooking (Pauline
Unrau and Ann Zeiglgansberger).
F und-rai sing . activities
included
ca sino nights,
bingos,
raffles,
booths , shows and bake sales.
The club executive was: President
- Joe Lachance, Secretary - Lynda
Sand fly, Treasurer
- Charlotte
Kahpeepatow and Reporters - Lynda
Sandfly
and
Charlotte
Kahpeepatow .
New 4-H Clubs
Starblanket - Under the leadership
of Jean Starr and Margaret Starr,
44 JUNE, 1982
th e club held its organization
meeting on Ma y 12. T he interested
boys and girls fo und several 4-H
projects th ey would lik e to tak e.
Onion Lake - Riding , gymkana and
rodeo are some of the inter ests of
the new 4-H Horse Club . Leade r
Edmund Wa skewit ch and Bru e
Carter have about a do zen eager
4-H'ers . (The club is the fir st India n
Light Horse 4-H C lub organi zed in
the 9 year histor y of the Indian 4-H
Program.)
Upcoming Dates
June 1 and 2 - Me eting of th
Saskatchewan 4-H Council
June 3 - Shoal Lake and Red Ear th
Achievement Days
June 18 - Peepeekesis 4-H A chievement Day
July 1-4 - 4-H Famil y Camp , Rayner
Center
August 23-27 - Indian 4-H Camp
4-H Club Activities
The Prince Albe rt Ind ia n Stud ent
Residence 4-H Garden Clu b (" Do n
Neilson 4-H Indian Garden C lub ")
is planning a bus tour to gard en
points of interest at the Uni ver sity
and Forestry Farm in Saska toon .
The Musco wpetung 4-H Club is
trying to raise money for th eir
leather craft project.
The Poorman 4-H Club memb ers
are beading - thanks to the instruction from Alice Dustyhorn. The
group has organized some successful bake sales . The club executive is: Marie Machiskinic, president; Darrell Worm , vice-president;
Lana Worm, secretary , and Leann e
Worm , treasurer.
The Sweet Gras s 4-H Club are
"Good doers". The nine 4-H ' ers
(plus leaders Violet Swindle r and
Jean Whitecalf) cleaned the ditche s
along Highway No . 40 from th e
west side of the reser ve to the store .
Good work Sweet Grass 4-H Club!
Members of the Nut Lake 4-H
Club displayed their beadwork at
their 1982 Treaty Day . As well , the y
sold cold plate dinners to raise
money.
4-H Leader Glad ys Cha rles has
received word that is good new s fo r
her La Ronge Reserve 4-H Club .
4-H members and other you th will
be able to camp for 4 da ys thi s
ugu t as part of a summer camp
pro j ect on the reserve.
1982 Garden Co mpetition
The Indian
4-H O ffice ha s
packaged 400 garde n seed pa ckets.
M ost of them have been distributed
as follows:
Joseph Bighead
8
On ion Lake
20
Little P ine
39
Sweet Gra
10
Fishing Lak
14
Mu cowpetung
10
Peepeeke is
15
Mistawasis
18
Shoa l Lake
I0
La Ronge
10
T im ber Bay
9
Bear dy's
41
Chagones
21
St. P hillips
10
Sakimay
12
Mu skoday
4
As well , the Don Nei lso n 4-H
Club (P .A .LS. Re sidence) ha ve 64
member s in their garden club .
It appear s that you ng 4-H
gardeners will have a chan ce "t o
learn to do by doing" in the wee ks
ahead .
Delegates to the
Saskatchewan 4-H Council
Noe lla McKay, Peepeekes is 4-H
Leader, and Les Ferg uson, 4-H
Coor dinator, are the 2 Indian 4-H
Pro gram ddegates to the Saskat ch ewan 4-H Cou n ci l. Ph ylli s
Olynyk, S .I.A.P . H ortic ulturi st,
Yorkton , will represe nt the Saskatchewan India n Agr icul ture Program
on the Council. A ll thr ee ter ms
arefor 1982.
Special 4-H
Staff Additions
Six staff with the Saskatchew an
In d ian Agriculture
Pro g ram
(S.1 .A .P .) will be taking on dutie s as
4-H designated staff. T he staff people will be responsi ble fo r 4-H activity on reserves in their distric ts.
T he 4-H designated sta ff are:
Fort Qu' Appe lle - Margaret Loraa s
: 332-44 12
Yorkt on - Ph yllis Olynyk: 783-9743
Saskatoon - Dick Ne lso n : 664-5100
Nor th B attlefor d - Harold
Gr eyeyes: 446-6 146
Meadow Lake - Erland Stem:
236-5243
P rince Albert - Kalya Kindrac hu k:
922-9770
Anyone wit h que stions about 4-H
�on reserves should contact one of
the above persons or Les Ferguso n ,
4-H Coordinator, 343-5529.
4-H Exchange: Quebec and
Prince Albert Students
Residence
Can you imagine 25 eager 4-H' ers
clammering onto a jetliner - many
for the first time? That's likely in
September
as the P .A.I.S.R.
4-H'ers begin the first leg of their
exchange
with Caughnawaga
Reserve near Montreal. Leader Der ral Le Blanc says .the club is plann ing a walkathon, car wash, bake sale
and sale of their garden club
vegetables to help raise funds for
their hosting and travel. Transportation for both groups is organized
by Open House Canada.
Fund-Raiser of the Month
Try a 50/50 raffle. Tickets are
sold with the winner taking one-half
of the proceeds. The club gets the
other half. Thanks Sweet Grass 4-H
Club for the idea.
Deb Hauer in Switzerland
Deb's many friends when she was
Indian 4-H Program Assistant will
be pleased to hear that she is doing
well working on a vegetable farm .
She tells us that farming is on a bit
more of a slope compared to Saska tchewan!
Indian
4-H Camp
Are you between 13 and 15 years
old? Do you like to meet kids from
other parts of the province? Do you
like to have fun?
If your answer is YES! , come to
Indian 4-H Camp.
WHERE ...
4-H Rayner Center, on Lake
Diefenbaker near Outlook.
WHEN ...
August 23-27.
WHO ...
Young people 13-15 years old. 4-H
members will have first chance to
go.
TRANSPORTATION ...
Will be arranged in your district.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN ...
Learning about the outdoors,
sports, swimming, canoeing, archery, crafts, outdoor cookery and
firearm safety are some of the activities.
CAMP COUNSELLORS
Do you enjoy working· with Indian youth?
Do you thrive on action-packed
days?
If you do ... we are looking for
qualified staff .to work at the Indian
4-H Camp (August 23-27). Staff
orientation is August 21-22. The
camp counsellors will be responsible
for a group of ten teenage boys and
girls.
There
are two types
of
counsellors:
(a) Senior Counsellor
Adults who have had experience
working with youth. The job is not
an easy one - there are long hours
which require considerable energy.
(b) Junior Counsellor
Senior teens (16 years and older)
who have had 4-H or similar camp
experience. Their role is to assist a
senior counsellor.
I am interested in being a:
□
Camper
□
Senior Counsellor
□
Junior Counsellor
Name:
Address:
Birthdate: ________
_
Nearest Phone:
If you are interested in either position, or in being a camper, please
complete the form above and mail it
to:
INDIAN 4-H PROGRAM,
DIVISION OF EXTENSION and
COMMUNITY RELATIONS
SASKATOON,
SASKATCHEWAN S7N 0W0
1982 4-H Garden Competition
-Ifs Coming...
Due to a very successful program last year, all young people on Sas~atchewan reserves
are invited to take part in the
event set for this spring. Here's
how it works:
During May watch out for
ppsters in your ~and Office that
give details of the activity.
Get your na~e to your 5.1.A.P.
Ag. Rep. staff so that you can
get a seed package.
During May prepare and place
your garden.
Over Summer - Weed, water
and take care of your gardens.
Be prepared to enjoy the new
goodiesas they mature.
Mid August - Prepare your
garden produce for judging by
5.1.A.P. and possibly 4-H
Achievement Day if you are a
member of a 4-H Club. ·
~SMAN
_____
206 - 4th Avenue South Saskatoon,Canada
::)
co
~
0
ffl
z
<
~
w
X
u
I-
<
ANNOUNCEMENT
As of June 1, 1982, a toll-free number will
be available to residents of Northern
Saskatchewan who wish to contact the
provincial Ombudsman.
If you need assistance with a problem involving the Saskatchewan Government
you may wish to contact the Ombudsman
by calling:
~
en
<
Cl)
Ombudsman:
112-800-772-9787
or
1-800-772-9787
SASKATCHEWAN
INDIAN 45
�NATIVE WRITERS'CONTEST
THEME:World Assemblyof FirstNations
July, 18 - 25, 1982
The largest gathering of earth's first nations.
The emergence of the world's indigenous peoples into a strong
united force is an event without historic parallel. Once universally
dismissed as the "vanishing people", the world's First Nations are
now seeking and finding their rightful place in the community of
man.
This summer, the largest gathering of indigenous peoples will
take place in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The World Assembly of
First Nations will provide a rare international forum for "fourth
World " concerns.
The Polynesians of the Pacific, the Sarni of northern Europe, the
Australian Aborigines, the New Zealand Maori, and the North and
South American Indians may be vastly separate in distance and circumstance - however, we all have the same concerns.
This summer, the world will watch.
Writers of Indian or Inuit ancestory, who are residents of Saskatchewan, may enter original stories dealing with some aspect of
native life that will appeal to native children and teenagers.
Four prizes of $200.00 each will be awarded to the winners and
their manuscripts will be published.
Note: All the winning manuscripts become the property of the
Curriculum Studies and Research Department which will retain the
copyright.
Deadline for entries is June 30, 1982
Send all manuscripts to:
The Sixth Annual Native Writers' Contest
Saskatchewan Indian Cultural College
Curriculum Studies Department
Box 3085
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7K 359
The Sixth Annual
Native Writer's Contest
Theme: World Assembly of First Nations
Rules and Regulations
• Any person of Indian or Inuit
ancestory, who is a resident of
Saskatchewan, may enter this contest.
• Writers may enter as many book
manuscripts as they wish in any or
all of the four categories, but must
indicate in which category each
manuscript should be judged:
a) biography
b) fiction
c) history
d) poetry
46 JUNE, 1982
• The book must be the original
work of an individual writer or a
group, such as a school class, but it
may be based on traditional legends
or stories. It should be written to appeal to the native child or teenager,
and should deal in some way with
some aspect of native life.
• The length of the story may vary,
as a picture book or story book for
very young children might contain
only a few dozen words, while a
book for older children might be
much longer.
• If the story is based on a traditional legend, or is based directly on
material which has been published
previously in a book, magazine, or
somewhere else , please indicate this
in a covering letter accompanying
the manuscript.
• The winn ers of thi s contest will be
selected by a panel of judges
repre sentin g the P-ederation
of
Saskat chewan Indian s, the Metis
Society, th e Sa skat chewan Arts
Boa rd , Departm en t of Culture and
Youth and the P ro vincial Library.
• Th e de cision of the j ud ges will be
final and announc ements regardin g
the competition wi\l be made by October 31 , 1982. Attemp ts will be
made to ha ve the offici al pre sentation of the award s in ·the winn ers'
home communit ies as soon as pos sible after th e cont est ha s ended .
• The writ er of th e winning book in
each of th e fo ur categories will
receive $200.00 .
NOTE: All winning manuscripts
become th e prop erty of the Curriculum
St udie s and Research
Departmen t whi ch will retain the
copyright.
• All ma te rial s submitted will be
evaluated
by the committee.
Manu scrip ts whi ch have merit, but
which th e committ ee feel s are not
qualified unde r the contest regulations, will be copyrighted in the
author's name and submitted to a
Canadian Publishing Company to
see if they can be published commercially.
Thereafter,
all arrangements regarding the author's
fee, etc., would be worked out between the publisher and the author.
• The de a dline for entry of
manuscript s is June 30, 1982. All
script s mu st be clearly written by
hand, or typewritten and double
spaced, and are to be submitted to
the Sixth Annual Native Writers'
Contest.
■
Notice to Holders of
Raffle Ticket Books for
Horse Trailor
In aid of the Rodeo at the
World Assembly of First
Nations.
Please could those who are selling
books now hand them in as soon as
possible: To Berni ce Taytotat, Box
364, Broadview , Saskatchewan.
(Tel ep hone: 696 -3517) .
■
�INTRODUCTION
1981 was The Year of the Handicapped: a year in which the trials and tribulations of people of all nationalities were recognized. To the Indian person, alcohol and its effects are a handicap. Every single one of us
has to think for only a second to think of a person whom we know very well who has a problem with alcohol.
This handicap affects all that is binding in the Indian World, especially the family., and the very important kinship ties. The following story is of a teenage girl who has lost her beloved father to alcohol. It tells of her feelings
and how she came to cope with them. Even though alcohol is a handicap that cripples so many of its victims, it is
the family and friends who must also deal with the problem, and who are often ·hurt the most. Hopefully the
tragedy of this handicap can be overcome and all people will some day be allowed to live free of its devastating
effects!
This is Maureen John's introduction to her winning contribution in the 1981 Native Writer's contest.
Maureen is from Fort Qu 'Appel/e. She is an Education student at the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College
with two years training now. In two more years she hopes to become an elementary teacher.
Roses, Potato Salad and Bologna Sandwiches
The old battered pick-up truck shook loosely as
they crossed the railroad tracks marking the reserve
boundary. She could still hear her mother yelling from
the weather beaten wooden steps as she and Joey, her
younger brother, pulled out of the yard spitting gravel
behind them. Joey was an old sixteen. He had just
received his "legal" drivers licence through the driver
training program at the "town school". Sara loved her
brother dearly, just as she loved her whole family. Her
love grew somewhere at the very base of her feet and
spread like wild bush fire upwards, giving her a permanent glow of lovely radiance.
They were a close family. They were a beautiful
family, each one loving and giving in their own very
special way. Today, one year ago, they had lost their
father. Sara felt it deep in the very soul of her being
when she said they had "lost" their father. She had seen
him slowly and precariously slipping away and she had
had no way of just grabbing on and holding him. No,
she would never again be a "little girl" on her Daddy's
knee or a young woman shining in his eyes. Her father
was lost. He was really gone forever.
Father had been a large, laughing, lovable man,
full of smiles and warmth, when he was sober. He
always had a story to tell for every occasion. He seemed
to know when to exaggerate the truth for the sake of the
story and when t'b stick to the truth for the sake of truth
itself.
Sara shook her head. It was not the time to think of
those feelings of dreadful loneliness. Lonesome feelings
always reminded Sara of moonlit nights in the winter.
Everything was more intense and somehow harsh,
unyielding and so very, very cold. No, she would not get
lonely! There was no time to feel that way. She and Joey
were going to the city to buy a new dress. Sara was
thinking of a beautiful ankle-length, rose-colored
"chiffon-ey" gown. In her mind, Sara was a brown
cinderella, dressed up to go dancing at the palace. She
was not a brown cinderella though, she was the first
member of her reserve to graduate from high school. In
just two weeks, Sara would walk across the stage in her
brand new dress and be presented with her grade twelve
Diploma. Sara felt good inside. She didn't quite know
what the feeling was then, but later she would come to
know it was pride. Yes, Life could be so good.
This was the first time her mother had allowed
them to go to the city alone. Sara felt very mature and
grown up. Interrupting her train of thought, the tired
and thirsty truck turned into the gas station at the edge
of the highway and Joey leaned out the open window
and hollered, "fill'er up!".
"What's wrong with you, Sara? You look like the
last rose of summer, how come so glum chum?"
"Oh, nothing's wrong, Joey, I was just thinking of
Dad and how proud he would ... "
"Don't say that, Sara! You know that even though
Dad isn't here with us in body, he is here in our hearts
and in our respectful memories."
Joey paid the attendant with a crisp new ten dollar bill
and pulled the old pick-up onto the highway. Sara
reflected upon what Joey had said about their father
and she knew inside that it was true. Many, many times
late at night she had lain in bed alone listening to her
mother's muffled tears. She felt her father's presence as
her mother would finally drift off to sleep. Why had he
never made his presence known to her when she was
feeling sad, alone and needing someone?
Sara had felt mixed feelings of guilt and of anger.
Their father was dead at forty-three years old. The doctor had been extremely blunt, maybe he had seen too
many die this way to feel anything but his sense of duty.
Daddy had died as a result of his extensive drinking. He
had left them alone because he liked to drink and didn't
have the will-power to quit. Why had he done this to
them?
When Sara's father was sober, he was a wise and
quiet man full of knowledge and of his own private
thoughts. He only drank when he came home from
work. When they would look at him with accusing eyes
SASKATCHEWAN INDIAN 47
�he would say to them, "It's only because I've had a hard
day at work ... ".
Father's work became worse and worse until every
day was a ''bad one'', and every day became another excuse.
Sara's father was the janitor at the school, he also
cleaned two restaurants downtown. He continued to
work indoors even though he was an outdoor man. He
worked at the school all alone, really alone; there were
no birds to sing to him nor winds to whisper to him, only the steady tick-tock of the big wall clock. He talked
often of the day he would live with the land. He dreamt
of the day he would till the soil, hunt, and really work
for the food on his family's supper table. Then.he could
''Prove yourself proud, my daughter,
for when you are feeling lost and alone,
you will have the spirit of many there to
comfort you.''
feel like the man he knew he was meant to be. He hated
the drunk he had become but it was a trap that he had
no way of escaping. It was too late now though; he was
gone.
"What
home?"
did mom tell us to remember
to bring
"Oh, just some roses, you know thos ·e cloth kind
with the plastic stems,"
Sara answered almost
mechanically, "I wonder what for?" she asked.
"Oh, don't you ever remember anything? It's
flower day on Sunday and we're going to clean up the
graveyard.
Remembering, Sara thought of the last flower day
at the graveyard. Her father had pulled up with the
same pick-up truck, drunk-as-a-skunk.
Sara had been
horribly embarrassed, her mother was spitting mad, and
Joey had merely fed him the potato salad and bologna
sandwiches they had brought for their lunch.
Surprisingly, he had sobered up
final prayers before everybody left
were not many dry eyes that day.
Creator for all they had, for all they
for all they had become.
enough to say the
for home. There
He thanked the
were to have, and
Sara said to herself, "forget". But how is it possible to forget love, especially. the love you have for a
special family member? Again that lonesome feeling
covered her like a cloud.
Would this feeling of loss and of frustration ever
leave her? She had accepted her father's death but in a
way it had been her death too, for the glimmer of hope
48 JUNE, 1982
that he would stop drinking died the same day he did.
Why had her father left her when she felt she needed his
help to discover her own individual purpose in life?
What had he meant when he said to her that she
had the spirit of a mother eagle? Why did he not quit
drinking? Didn't he know what it would do? Didn't he
care? Sara knew she would go crazy, trying to answer
these questions but she would have to come to some sort
of inner peace or she would be tormented by guilt,
frustration
and anger all her life. She fondly
remembered the look in her father's sad brown eyes
when she told him she would be graduating in just one
year. His eyes had sparkled with pride. Sara
remembered his wise words, " ... and go as far as you
can, never look back except in consideration and
respect, and Sara, be proud of who and what you are.
You are an Indian. Your history is the totality of
courage and strength. Prove yourself proud, my
daughter, for when you are feeling lost and alone you
will have the spirit of many there to comfort you and
advise you. You are never alone .. ... "
Sara remembered that day very well. That afternoon her father had gone back to his dusty floors and
dirty windows.
She knew he hated the work. It was not the backbreaking work he hated, but it was the idea that he was
not one with the land. Sweeping floors and washing
windows would never take him anywhere but down.
Sara could see now the predicament her father was in.
He was a proud and responsible man but he had used
alcohol to ease the pain he felt.
Alcohol had become his solution. What a solution,
she thought. It had killed him, surely as a gun would
have. Why hadn't he been allowed to farm the land he
lived on?
Shaking Sara out of her thoughts, Joey had to say
twice, "Where do you want to go first Sara?" Sara
looked at Joey with tears in her eyes and felt a lump in
her throat. She had sensed something inside of her stir
and come to life.
Sara didn't know why her father had insisted on
drinking ·his life away but she did know something for
sure. It was
lesson to them all. In his own way her
father had given them what he could give to himself.
a
He had given them much grief and much pain, but
he had given them more and Sara knew what it
was .. Daddy's gift had been his memory and his spirit.
He had taught them to live, love, learn, give, laugh, and
try. There was nothing else he could have done. There
was nothing else he had to do.
Finally answering Joey, Sara said with determination and love, "To the Florist's shop, Joey. We'll have
extra money, I'm wearing my buckskin dress to my
graduation.
Forget the brown-cinderella look! I'm going as an Indian. ■ We're going to buy a dozen
beautiful, fragrant, red roses for Daddy .. .I'm sure he'll
get the message''.
Smiling from ear to ear, Joey signalled for a right
turn....
■
�World
Assembly of
First Nations
ENTERTAINMENT
Festivals, pow-wows, fiestas by whatever name
are an integral part of the Indigenous culture.
The World Assembly is a celebration of survival
and a clear statement of Fourth World concerns .
This historical gathering, in the universal tradition
of Indigenous peoples , contains both business
and cultural components .
This summer share the ultimate cultural experience of the World Assembly of First Nations .
This, the largest gathering of earths First Nations ,
offers a host of cultural events . Events such as international rodeo , golf , fastball , pow-wow , stage
shows , trade fair and much much more . From
contemporary to traditional , the World Assembly
offers the best in Indigenous entertainment.
This historical gathering will be held in the heart
of North America at Regina, Saskatchewan ,
Canada.
Featured performers include over three hundred
Ind igenous dancers and singers from beyond
North America alone . The contemporary talents
of comedian Charlie Hill , the comedy duo of
Williams & Ree, the Winnipeg based ( -Weed
band , and the haunting chants of over a dozen
contemporary indigenous entertainers plus a few
surprises.
The cultural component , by itself , offers a host
of events ranging from an international celebration , rodeo , art show , children 's programs, casino ,
golf tournament , and much much more. WAFN
organizers have booked many truly exciting entertainers. Performers , who once seen, will not be
forgotten. Over three hundred entertainers from
beyond North America alone will perform . Traditional entertainers such as:
* Aztec/Olmec dancers from Mexico
* two Maori dance troupes from New Zealand
* Polynesian dancers from Hawaii, Samoa and
Tahiti
* Aboriginal (Koori) dancers from Australia
* Sarni performers from Scandinavia co untries
* Inuit from Greenland
No rth Ame rican pe rfo rme rs are many and
va ried. Virtual ly every Indian nation will be
represented .
The contemporary ta le nts of comedian Charlie
Hill , the comedy duo of Williams & Ree, the Winnipeg based (-Weed band , and the haunting
chants of over a dozen contemporary indigenous
entertainers plus a few surprises .
All to ld, never before have so many diverse Indigenous entertainers performed in one place at
the same time . But then the World Assembly of
First Nat ions itse lf is unique. It is a concept whose
time has definitely come . Most importantly this
landmark event is designed exclusively by and for
Indigenous peoples .
This summer Regina, Saskatchewan , Canada will
become the center of the Fourth World.
JULY l 8-25th, 1982, REGINA, SASK.
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Saskatchewan Indian Magazine
Subject
The topic of the resource
First Nations--Saskatchewan--Periodicals
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations
Date
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1970/2011
Rights
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In Copyright
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PDF
Language
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English
Type
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Text
Coverage
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Saskatchewan
1970/2011
Description
An account of the resource
The <em>Saskatchewan Indian</em> was the official publication of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations and served as an effective communication vehicle for the First Nations in the province of Saskatchewan between 1970-2011. It provided coverage of people, issues and events both entertaining and informative throughout First Nation communities. The magazine was distributed to all First Nation communities in Saskatchewan and to all First Nation groups, organizations and institutions throughout the duration of its publication.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre<br />#305 - 2555 Grasswood Road East<br />Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7T-0K1<br /><br />Phone: (306) 244-1146<br />Email: library.services@sicc.sk.ca<br />Website: <a href="https://www.sicc.sk.ca/" target="_blank" title="Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sicc.sk.ca/</a>
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Magazine
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Saskatchewan Indian, vol. 12, no. 5 (June 1982)
Subject
The topic of the resource
First Nations--Saskatchewan--Periodicals
Description
An account of the resource
Contents:
In Memory Of Ida Mcleod
By: Chief Solomon Sanderson
Struck Out: Constitutional Court Action By Saskatchewan Chiefs Refused In Britain
By: Saskatchewan Indian
New Federal Claims Policy For Indians
The revised policy clearly establishes the basis for claims, provides guidelines for compensation and commits the government not to apply statutes of limitation or the doctrine of laches to the process of negotiation.
By: Saskatchewan Indian
“Model” Indian Business Doubles Turnover
The forty five shareholder Chiefs of Saskatchewan Indian Nations Developments Company met for their first annual meeting on May 10, 1982. The Directors were exhilarated; what they had to report to the Chiefs was a trade turnover of $3.7 million during their first full year of business, considerably more than they had expected.
By: Saskatchewan Indian
Senator John B. Tootoosis: Ambassador To First Nations
By: Archie King
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1982-06
Contributor
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Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations
Sanderson, Solomon
King, Archie
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright
Language
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English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
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Saskatchewan
1982-06