1 50 7 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25945/archive/files/72e40790ae5d41f92ad075076a0de1ae.pdf?Expires=1779926400&Signature=vWREm7kflQs6wpG-jFueRfSXt9SNpzCM3D4W9wfCJSOZ2VpxaMZ3-AKgxLprXDX-bQi32ZG21hNMO%7EIwAJqczrdL40WLpn0ApvvNhYeGFYVrrIFip%7E7u3a29hV0GQjXH-lKu8Pf9fBGQL31kvmrJo50wfTs67ncr6GvZcDkSescilJWn-VLCDxSztRuh3QVZ5z7OwWcjXjI%7EO1aiHA7LhxlBtJP8M3tl7rStFh0sQ9G454lwzuhoejI63wrD3wWB7%7E7ooHeuhKpjKViMCY%7EmZ-VSvl9WLN-sW3Tw6j4MZMo-NxWEn3Xq0UGFFzzaqA5tcAO4KYq-IgXxU%7EVqswJwJg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 85234edebc9ecb33e8867c09de9cd12b PDF Text Text 1nesasmcne ~ Feaiaring Indian Artists ) 111~ Ve+, ¾ 'f �Readers wrrii~ LETTER TO THE EDITOR Article in error Dear Edi tor: :This letter is in reference to a mention made of my name in your February issue in an article entitled , "Artists Should be Cautious of Market." It was disturbing for me to see my name mentioned in such a context since it clearly suggests that somehow or other I have not been honest with regard to my dealings with native painters. Such an allegation is not true! I have always tried to be fair and upright in my dealings with native peoples. The article was so ambiguously written that it insinuated wrongdoing without ever explaining what was meant. Also, I note that there is no by-line on the article in order for me to tell who wrote it or why they are saying such things. It is unfair of you to print vague slurs against a man in which no supporting details are provided and no responsibility for the article is taken. In this connection, I want to make the following three points: 1) Any painter who loaned me his work in order to have it photographed for my proposed book always had the item returned unless he had given it to me as a gift or I had purchased it. The photography process often takes quite a while but the private property of the artist is always respected. 2) When a publisher is found, a part of the agreement will include the provision that a fee is to be paid to each artist for every picture included in the volume. 3) Some of the artists who mailed me work to photograph also asked me to try to sell it for ~ Page 2 The Saskatchewan Indian them as a favor. · This ' I:tried to do with no gain. to , myself.. If I was not able to sell the paintings after a good period of time, the mciterial was returned to the artist. I resent allegations being made about me when no one ever contacted me in order to get my side of the matter. If · a journalist thinks he has an issue, I would think that out of a sense of common courtesy and justice, he would contact the person about whom something is to be written. The ironic thing is that I agree with the general thrust of the article in that artists really should be cautious of unscrupulous operators. My recommendation is that these painters should obtain representatives who know the business and can deal rationally with such situations as a scholar who wants to borrow works for photography. · There is more I could say about the injustice of this unwarranted attack on me but I will let the matter lie there. Please try to be more responsible and accurate about these things in the future . Sincerely, John Warner , Assistant Professor Department of Sociology University of Saskatchewan Regina Campus Regina, Saskatchewan. Students need help Dear Edi tor: I'm a student at Onion Lake Junior High. I'm in grade nine. At the end of this school year we plan on going on a trip to Toronto. While we are there we plan on visiting a nearby Indian Reserve . The trip will last ten days at least. By now, we have pretty near everything arranged. We are going by train and return by plane. As you see , it will be a great experience for the Indian students who are stuck on this reserve. I' am wondering if you could help us finance our trip to Toronto as this will demand quite a good sum of money for we will be paying a part of our trip plus everyday expenses. We are presently trying to raise money by raffles, canteen, bottle drive, donation from various clubs, and good people, etc. Sincerely yours, Brent Dillon, Onion Lake Central School. New group forms Dear Edi tor: A new voice of the Indian people is on the move. This relatively new organization is called American Indian Defence or A.I.D. and is non-militant and non-violent. The members of AID believe that the needs of the Indian people can be met through peace and true brotherhood and are making great strides in proving it. The purpose of AID is to promote better community relations with other Indian tribes and non-Indians ; to safeguard and protect the rights, privileges and interests of all Indians; to improve the social and economic status of the Native Americans; to AID in securi ng better educational, medical and other advantages for members; to AID in helping the prisoner; to AID in alcohol and drug abuse education, and to become active in voter registration. Extensive work is being done in the area of councilling of inmates and their families and rehabilitation of ex-inmat~s. Members of AID aremaking every effort to show that the needs of the Indian people can be met through unity and brotherhood with people. They realize that only more destruction and hard feelings will result if the Indian and non-Indian do not start learning to live together in peace and harmony. They feel that only through all (Continued next page) April 1974 �DITORIAL llhe smtlilnl ~INDIRN Hunting issues The issue of Indian hunting rights is again being heard as flocks of ducks once more return to the prairies. The traditional steaming pot of duck soup which has always symbolized the end of a long cold winter and the promise of summer is also in direct contravention of the Migratory Game Birds Act. The Act states that game birds are only to be hunted in certain numbers in the 'fall and that means everyone, including Indians. The law was made law in the 1950's and has continued to be a controversial issue with Indians ever since . . Our treaties guarantee that we shall have the right to hunt and fish freely on or off the reserve. But laws such as the Migratory Game Birds Act have over-ridden this. What are our hunting rights and what obligations are placed upon Indian people? Sometimes we can be our own worst enemy. The right to unrestricted hunting was placed in the treaties so Indian people would be able to provide for their families. But Indian people have gradually gone beyond the Treaties' original intent and some have used the hunting rights to their own personal advantages. Treaty rights are not there to be interpreted for the private use of individuals but rather they were signed for the common good of the Indian bands . Hunting for the sake of using only the choice parts of meat or selling the meat for profit were not the original aims of the Treaties and are looked upon with disgust by the white public. Such selfish acts only serve to endanger our hunting · rights. The Migratory Game Bird Act was passed at a time when the game bird population was dangerously low. The situation has steadily improved and the increased numbers of game birds could withstand selective hunting out of season without any serious effects. It is up to the Indian people to include hunting regulations in the Indian Act and to police them so that these rights are maintained for the benefit of future generations of Indians. We must remember that for centuries Indian people lived in balance with nature and took from it only what they needed . Unless we return to our traditional relationship with nature we will only be able to tell our grandchildren about living off the land instead of showing them. Indian and non-Indian uni tmg m purpo·se and brotherhood can they ever stop this senseless bitterness, hatred and destruction that has been going on for so long between the two. ·American Indian Defence is non-profit. Funding for programs absorbs all that is available at present so members work at April 1974 regular Jobs and volunteer their services for AID. Anyone wishing further information about American Indian Defence please write to: Sherleen Hunter Spiritual Advisor American Indian Defence Cardston, Alberta. TOKOKO The Monthly Publication of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians 1114 Central Avenue Prince Albert Saskatchewan Second Class Mail Registration No. 2795 Return Postage Guaranteed Editor - Richard Scott Reporters Joan Beatty Donna Pinay Archie King Lucille Bell Editorial Board David Ahenakew Noel Starblanket Cliff Starr Cover painting by Willard Ahenakew This paper is the official voice of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians. It is intended to serve as an effective vehicle for Indian opinion in this province. Signed articles and opinions are the opinions of the individuals concerned and not necessarily those of the Federation. The Saskatchewan Indian Volume 4, Number 4 April 1974 The Saskatchewan Indian Page 3 �The Newrs Jobs primary goal Plan co-op farm and ranch for Starblanket reserve Starblanket Reserve - A cowcalf and grain farming operation which will provide the Starblanket Band with stable employment opportunities is soon to begin here. Starblanket Mutual Enterprises is a project which will allow the band members to participate in the operation. According to Noel Starblanket, chief of the band , the project will seek funding from the Department of Regional Economic Expansion, Special A.R.D.A ., Indian Affairs , and perhaps the LEAP program through Manpower. There was once a proposal for a band farm but this would have left the band in heav y debt. After attending a Co-op production course in Saskatoon , several band members decided to form a band farm along co-op principles and not form a corporation. There will be three types of membership in the Starblanket Mutual Enterprises. An active Natives held in "contelllpt" La Ronge - The head of the public participation section of the prov incial government's Churchill River study resigned recently saying the organization showed contempt for the people . Mr. Elias said there was a " prevailing attitude of contempt {by the board and directors ) for the skills and abilities of the people living in the {Churchill) basin and elsewhere in the province." He said that all the group was offering people of the area was an " offended, noble savage role". Page 4 The Saskatchewan Indian membership is for those working on the farm, a non-active for those who will buy shares but not actively participate , and a general membership for band members. Presently the land to be used is leased to a non-Indian farmer whose lease will expire in 1980. Hopefully the seeding will be done this spring in the Enterprise name. They w111eventually take over 5,000 acres. There will be grain farming at first and then the cow-calf opera~ tion will start. Perhaps poultry farming will begin for women who are interested. Chief Starblanket was enthusiastic about the new enterprise as it will offer many advantages to the people of the Starblanket ResP.rvP * Chief Starblanket Courtworker's plan • expansion North Battleford - The Native Courtworker Program has proven to be a great success in this city and surrounding area and a brief will soon be submitted to the Attorney-General's department asking for an expansion of present services. City Council and a local magistrate, Judge J.M. Policha , have given their support to the program and to plans for future expansion. They feel the program is greatly aiding Natives in trouble with the law and especially those who are Cree-speaking. It has also assisted the courts in carrying out their work. Ray- mond Fox, a local resident, has been doing the work for the program. The Battleford 's program serves that city and also Meadow Lake, Radisson , Biggar and Lloydminster. This area has three provi ncial magistrates courts and an expan ded service is needed . The Battleford's Indian and Metis Friendship Centre launched the courtworkers program as did several other Friendship Centres throughout the province and so far, all programs have proven to be great successes.* April 1974 �The News Majority in P.A. schools Students gain confidence through practice teaching Prince Albert - For the fir st time since they began the Indian Teacher Education Program this year the students are practice teaching and participating in school activities. The first intake _ students who began the program over a year ago are also out practice teaching for their third time. by Donna Pina y F .S.I. reporter The majority of students are in Prince Albert schools but there are some at Turtleford, Canwood , Kamsack , Leask , Montreal Lake , Beardy's and Duck Lake. They began April 8th and will be in the schools until May 3rd. Usually there are two students assigned to a school. The cooperating teachers were ones who volunteered to take the I.T.E .P. students. This almost ensures an interest and concern for the student teachers. The first few days were mainly observation and as each student became accustomed to the classroom, they take over lessons and work with individual students or small groups. The first intake students are usuall y quite confident and many take over a portion of the teaching. Sam Hardlotte, in second year I.T.E.P. , found he was becoming more and more confident with each stint of practice teaching. " With the experience in teaching in different grades and different schools , white , Indian or integrated), I feel I will have a getter choice of what grade and school I will want to teach in when I complete I.T.E.P." Mari us Paul , also in second year, is in a grade six classApril 1974 room with a mainly white enrolment. He was finding the students quite open and responsive to him. His supervising teacher was also helpful and involved him in activities. Will Nighttraveller, also in second year, is in a public school grade six classroom and the enrolment is mainly white. "I'm really enjoying it as its my first experience with white students. They respect me and help me" said Will. He has also found the staff at the school treat him as one of them and he has a helpful co-operating teacher. Jimmy Fiddler, a first year student, is in a grade five classroom in an all-white school. "I especially like the open area classroom I am in. I am able to work with individuals. It's easier as you get to know the child and build confidence in yourself. The (Continued next page) 1.T.E.P. student, Marius Paul, practising teaching in Prince Albert School, is seen taking over lessons and working with the children. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 5 �The News ( Continued) children do have predjudices but have to realize I am a person. I have a teacher Who is teaching for his first year and he is quite helpful and understanding." Gordon Tcho, also in first year, also enjoys working with the children. He is also in an open area classroom. "I like the open area because it's work with individuals . The children respect the teachers and I find myself quite confident now. I started teaching physical education the first day I was there and now things seem easier." Mervin Nighttraveller, in first year, is in a grade six classroom. "I've found out that I would prefer teaching adults or high school students - perhaps in a vocational school as I have mechanical experience." The teachers are enjoying the experience with the student teachers. Henry Hiebert, teacher of a language development class for Native students at Arthur Pechey School in Prince Albert, has Gerry Desnomie, a second year student, in his class. "I enjoy having him and he's helping me and works regularly with two students. My class is completely individualized and Gerry works with almost every student every day. We are teaching a Social Studies section on Indian Studies together and I had planned this in conjunction with him." The I.T.E.P. staff, with director• Cecil King and counsellors Mary Claus, Don Barnett and Myrtle Aldous, visit the schools regularly to meet with the students, teachers and principals. They help the students with suggestions and supply necessary materials a student may need for his lessons. When finished this session, the students will have a one week break and then return to university to take a class at Intersession. Physical Education 101, a course on the methods of teaching physical education to school children, will begin on May 13th and last for six weeks.• Page 6 The Saskatchewan Indian I ♦ Public Service Fonctionpublique Canada Canada THIS COMPETITIONIS OPEN TO BOTHMEN & WOMEN PROJECTOFFICER NATIVE FITNESS AND RECREATION RECREATION CANADA DIRECTORATE FITNESS AND AMATEUR SPORTBRANCH DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE OTTAWA, ONT ARIO SALARY TO: $15,737-$17,883 ( Under negotiation) DUTIES: Under direction of the Director , Recreation Canada, develops a national and regional overview of the activities of Canada's native people in the fields of sport and recreation to coordinate an effective support program; assesses the various resources available from federal, provincial and territorial governments to meet the objectives of the national program; assists in implementing and evaluating a variety of programs, identifying problems and devising solutions; organizes and conducts meetings at national and regional levels to resolve differences and develop proposals for future action, and performs other duties . The duties of this position require frequent travel within Canada. QUALIFICATIONS: University graduation with substantial experience directly related to the outlined duties or ability normally associated with completion of secondary school education plus extensive experience in related duties . Candidates must demonstrate through their work history, good results in carrying out duties appropriate to the duties of this position . It is desirable that candidates possess an in-depth knowledge of native cultures, group structures and native languages. LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS: Knowledge of the English language is essential for this position. Forward "Application for Employment" Form PSC 367-401available at Post Offices, Canada Manpower Centres and Offices of the Public Service Commission of Canada to the following address : STAFFING UNIT "A" ADMINISTRATIVE STAFFING PROGRAM PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONOF CANADA, OTTAWA, ONTARIO KlA0M7 Please quote competition number 4-A-P-002To ensure consideration applications must be received not later than MAY 15, 1974. Appointments as a result of this competition a re subject to the provisions of the Public Service Employment Act. April 1974 �The News Gilbert Bird wins 3rd term as Montreal Lake's Chief MONTREAL LA~E - Gilbert Bird of the Montreal Lake Reserve was re-elected Chief for a third consecutive term in a two way race on April 9. Allan Bird was the only other person running for the position. to be running the different proThe band elections, where e1ght councillors were also cho- grams on our reserve." The Chie,f said he will continue sen, couldn't have been held on a to have the same programs on the more beautiful day and this rereserve including the welfare, sulted in a good turnout of voters. recreation, housing, water and Cecil Bird, Leonard Bird, and sanitation, and roads programs. Sammy Bird were re-elected as The Band is planning a tourist Councillors while the newcomers project 2 miles west of the Monare Jimmy Duncan Bird, Nick treal Lake Reserve, at the mouth Bird, Gilbert Naytowhow, Doroof the Waskesiu River. "We are thy M. Bird and Seven Ross. building two cabins, a trailor lot Gilbert Bird, said if his dauand a boat launch," the Chief ghter Florence had run for the said. The Band has already purposition of Chief, he would have chased 12 boats and 7 small had a very tough time. '' I had to motors. The Chief said they are do a lot of fast talking," he said presently doing their own feasilaughtingly. Florence was on the bility study on the project. previous band council. Last fall, the Band purchased Chief Bird said he will be meeting with his new band coun- the local store from the Hudson Bay Company and they have been cil to decide '' how we are going operating it themselves employing two clerks and a store manager; all from the re serve. "We sell groceries , dry goods, gas, televisions, radios, and record players," the Chief said. The Band extends limited credit to the people. "The Band Council decided how the store is operated and so far we have been doing good,'' Chief Bird said. The Band received funds from the Indian Affairs Department to April 1974 build eight houses this year. Seven houses will be built out of logs which will be furnished and one will be built in the typically Indian Affairs style," the Chief said. The Band will be employing people to cut logs as well as in building the homes as soon as it is warm enough. As is the concern of most Band Councils in Saskatchewan, the Chief of the Montreal Lake Reserve expressed his desire to see his councillors paid. "Besides being councillors of the reserve, which is a very hard and demanding task, they have to concern themselves with working elsewhere in order to support and feed their families ," he said.,. Churchill dalll to disrupt fish • spawning Saskatoon - A dam on the Churchill River will cause disruption for 10 to 15 years irt fish spawning grounds by creating a lake 70 miles long, says a report by Saskatchewan Fisheries . Six sets of rapids on the Churchill River, important for small species of fish as feeding and spawning grounds , would be eliminated. The new lake, however, would be deep enough to provide the cold water necessary for lake tumt. The lake, 185 feet deep , would join Reindeer Lake about 24 miles west of the dam adding another 2 feet of water to the level of Reindeer Lake. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 7 �People The Prince Albert Friendship Centre has one of the best courtworkers programs in Saskatchewan . The directorship and coordination of such a program is a great responsibility. Albert Lapa tac, the project director , has proven himself capable of this and has done much to make the program successful. Originally from Alberta , Albert was once a corporal in the Armed Forces. He has had experience as a counsenor and community worker with · Native people . He began court work in 1970 and has worked mainly with Native people since then. Albert began working in Prince Albert in August of 1973 as the project dir ec tor and presently has five court workers under his direction. His duties involve supervision and administration of the court workers program and assisting the workers in counselling and helping those with legal problems. supporting service to persons, handicapped by reason of their social and economic background,'' Mr . Fox said. Raymond · Fox has completed a para-legal program at the Legal Assistance Clinic in Saskatoon and recently was appointed Commissioner of Oaths by the Attorney-General's office in Regina. Working mainly on the James Smith Reserve and with other bands in the accounting field is a young man from Little Pine Reserve. Gary Atimoyoo has worked with the Cultural College accounting department in Saskatoon since June of last year and began field work last September. At present he is setting up a course to train band staff about accounting procedures. Gary graduated from North Battleford Collegiate Institute in 1968. He then enrolled in the College of Arts and Science at the Not only good looking with a winning personality, this community conscious young gentleman is also one of the youngest councillors of the widely scattered Peter Ballentyne Band. Jonas Custer, who lives at Deschambeault Lake, has three children , Tony , John and Laura. Jonas, along with his .wife, Tulsa , who is also very active in community affairs , can always be found where the action is , benefiting the community one way or another. The native court worker program was established November 1, 1973, and was initiated by the Indian and Metis Friendship Centre. Travelling to courts in the North Ba ttleford area , including courts in Lloydminster , Radisson, Biggar and St. Walburg is Raymond Fox. '' The court workers service arose out oI a recognized need in the judicial centre to provide Page 8 The Saskatchewan Indian gin of one vote. Chief Mosquito 's future plans include an over-all change for the community and going after the great concerns of his band. Henry Roberts, Manager of the Lac La Ronge Indian Handicraft Store, models one of the beautiful beaded jackets he has for sale. Gary Atimoyoo V01eing his · concern for his people at the next North Battleford District Chiefs' meeting on behalf of Mosquito Reserve will be Solomon Mosquito. · Recently elected as Chief of the Mosquito Reserve, he ousted Art Beaudry as Chief. His closest opponent was Steve Moosomin, trailing by a very slim mar- Concern for others and the ability to assist other employees in their duties is the role a director . must play in any employment situation. Victor Thunderchild is assistant director of the Prince Albert Friendship Centre and with these abilities , he performs his job well. When he first began as assistant director in January , 1970, he was one of two staff members. He did volunteer court work as a courtworker program did not then exist. Formerly , a member of the Ba ttleford Police Force, he was the first Indian to ever join their forces . He has also had experience in the field of recreation and community work as he was once the recreation director for his home reserve of Thunderchild. April 1974 �The News Band takes control Band people research local hist ory for school texts James Smith Reserve - Three educational projects, all designed to further the James Smith Band in its efforts to have Indian control of Indian education, are to begin soon on this reserve. The projects involve curriculum development, individualized instruction catalogues , and teacher aide training. The project involving the development of curriculum materials will employ thirteen people and hopefully these will be band members. The people employed will be researching the local history and culture of the band. Later they will expand to Saskatchewan, Canadian and North American history and culture. The collected works will in- dent counselling methods. Also elude a variety of materials included is a series of classes such as readers, books, slide pertaining to Indian history and presentations , films, audio-visual culture such as Art, Music and aids , learning kits, picture col- Indian psychology. lections and others. The project After their one year of trainwill also work on the biographies ing plans are to start a branch of local band members. Martha of the Indian Teacher Education Constant, Cree cultural program Program on James Smith. LT.director and a James Smith memE.P. is a two and a half year ber , will be in charge of the project. training program currently offered on the U of S campus in Saskatoon by the Saskatchewan Indian Cultural College. Many of the teacher aides have proven themselves to be good at teaching and would like to become certified. However, they do not want to leave their families and homes to go to Saskatoon. If the course can be offered on James Smith, many of the aides will take the teacher training . James Smith is attempting to have an equality of status and role between teachers and aides. 'They are not to be just assistants or hold secondary positions in the classroom. Depending on the individual aide ' s confidence (Continued next page) By Donna Pinay F.S.I. Reporter Scheduled to begin May 13th, the project will last one year and if it proves successful, will be extended an additional two years. Scheduled to begin May 6th is a teacher aide training program in which the sixteen aides, already employed by James Smith, plus another person, will train for one year. The program, totalling 1,225 hours of instruction, will consist of 75% instruction and 25% of time in the classroom . The trainees will not be taught in traditional teaching methods but as the James Smith students are taught. They will ·learn to use individualized instruction, projects and contract s. Course content for the training includes audio-visual methods, Cree language, teaching English as a second language , learning material preparation, classroom methodology , psychology and stuApril 1974 The Saskatchewan Indian Page 9 �The News ( Continued) and initiative they are encouraged to take part in the actual instruction and teaching. A summer project will involve seven teachers, seven teacher aides, seven students , two typists and one director compiling a curriculum catalogue . These people will be writing and developing individualized instructional projects in seven different subject areas. Work will be done in teams of three and each team will work in a certain subject area. All developed projects will be compiled in a catalogue. A contract is when each student chooses a project in a certain subject area and works on his own to complete the project in a given time. Before school begins this· fall, a teacher will visit the homes of each student and their parents. Together they will choose the contracts or projects the student will do throughout the coming school year. Over the year the teacher will involve parents and the student in review and follow-up of the contracts or projects . m with the implementation of these three projects, James Smith takes another step forward in involving the community and local people in educational matters.* Native tongues Illay he taught in school Winnipeg - Cree, Saulteaux and other foreign languages may soon be recognized and taught in Manitoba public schools if a Bill, recently ir.troduced in the Manitoba legislature, is passed . .French and English are currently the only languages taught in the Manitoba classrooms but according to Education Minister Ben Hanuschak , if the Bill is approved, it will amend the Public School Act and allow other languages to be taught. Page 10 The Sa ska tche wan Indian Dear Subscriber Because of rising costs, the Saskatchewan Indian has found it necessary to increase the price of its subscriptions. In the past year alone, the cost of paper has gone up an average of about 40 per cent, the price of inks increased about 25 per cent, and the price of photo products has increased about 35 per cent. Additional price increases are anticipated in the coming year. It is not our policy to make a profit off subscriptions and we have always tried to make the newspaper as readily available as possible by keying our subscription rates to the actual printing, handling and mailing costs. With the increase of these costs, however, we find it necessary to raise the subscription rate to sa.oo a 7ear This increase is effective May 1, 1974 and will apply to all new or re-newed subscriptions. We trust we can look forward to your continuing support. April 1974 . �The News Presentations made Students' achievement is f ecognized by band council ~~} .! Mistawasis - At a recent awards night on Mistawasis Reserve , the school students of the band received recognition for their efforts in remaining in ~chool and achieving high grades . .,, Albert Bear, Chief of John Smith Band, was on hand to present the students with cheques. He commented upon the high drop-out rate among Indian stugen ts and the role a community must play to help students stay in school. ·Only with encouragement and support from parents and local residents can students remain in school and further their education, he said. - Floyd Badger, Anita Ledoux, Irma Bird, Bruce Douquette, Lawrence Black, Audrey Pechawis, Melinda Ledoux, Donna Pechawis, Brian Ballantyne, Jane Pechawis, Edward Ledoux, Lester Pechawis, Leslie Douquette, ,beslila Sanderson, Roger Dani~ls, Darrel Watson, Edwin Le- doux, Horace Ledoux, and Jackie Johnstone were all presented with cheques and Easter eggs. These nineteen students are enrolled in elementary, jcnior high, North rn N tes It's muskrat time again and I am sure a lot of people have headed out to their traplines. Unfortunately, this year I will not get the opportunity to go to my folks trapline at Big Sandy so think of me when you are chewing on a muskrat tail ... Rhoda Hardlotte of Stanley Mission recently told me that ljke other places, about now Stanley is wet, muddy and dirty . . . I imagine as soon as it dries, everyone will be getting their rakes out. The La Ronge Band is already planning how it's going to organize a clean-up of their reserve ... Chief Myles Venne ~f La Ronge said they just finished an "air lift" of housing materials for seven new houses to Stanley Mission. Most of the northern settlements that depend · on their supplies brought in my transport trucks over winter roads will have to have them flown in this year due to the thin ice ... The opening date for the fishing season in the North is May 18 April 1974 and high schools in nearby communities. A delicious meal was prepared by the women of the reserve and many people turned out to honour the Warriors and students.• BY OAN BEATTY · fourteen days later than the southern management zone. According to the DNR, the reason for this is to protect fish during their spawning runs which are usually around the first few weeks in May . . . I was informed recently of the death of Mrs. Jeannie Morin, wife of Arthur Morin, former Chief of the Peter Ballentyne Band. I know a lot of us will miss her. Everytime we went to Southend, we would go to their place and they would open their doors in welcome. They would never let you leave their place hungry ... Apparently Arthur Morin is not well either and is presently in the hospital in Saskatoon. Hope he gets well soon ... Mrs. Albert Ratt is also in the hospital at Flin Flon. Chief Albert Ratt of Pelican Narrows said his wife is to get an operation and in the meantime, the Chief is babysitting one of their grandchildren who stays with them. That should keep him out of mischief or should I believe him when he says "I'm always good"! ! ..... The Saskatchewan Indian Page 11 �The News Including Sports' Reunion Full summer program ahead at P.A. Friendship Centre Prince Albert - With the budget for the new fiscal year approved, the Prince Albert Friendship Centre is in the process of planning and implementing a ser- ies of activities and programs for the Native residents of the city and surrounding district. Fastball teams for men and ladies will be formed and enter- 1'1ountie t;{~; Message f;e, ,~ ' _;~"';t, The Timber Bay Mission, located 12 miles north of the Meadow Lake Indian Reserve, is home of 68 Indian children from various points in northern Saskatchewan and is run by the Brethren in Christ Church. The children all attend the nearby Timber Bay School. As all main buildings of this establishment are heated by wood, cut by the staff as time permits, on March 1st, Corporal Bill Wynnychuk and Constable Jim Christie provided the Mission staff with their assistance in the woodland operation. The Mission's needs consume approximately 120 cords of wood yearly which taxes the energy of the five man staff - a fact well known by two wet and tired policemen after a day of felling, limbing and hauling timber . Last fall, Harry Belegarde, manager of the File Hills Warriors Senior Hockey Club, approached Corporal 'Hap' Armstrong and Constable Jack Briscoe, of Balcarres Detachment with a simple request. Would they be interested in coaching this hockey team through the coming wint~r? Without any hesitation they agreed on the job and began on a season of what resulted in the formation of a first class hockey team. With a weekly practice session and a game a week , the team set off to become the fin~t place club in the Qu' Appelle Indian Hockey League. Presently waiting to complete the league playoffs, the team decided to host the annual Indian Hockey Tournament, an event which was held in Balcarres, Saturday, March 2, 1974. Six teams participated in this event and some pretty good action was afforded the many enthusiastic spectators. After an exciting day, two teams emerged as finalists ... Regina Native Metals and the home Warriors. Showdown! A full house was on hand from the opening whistle and after three fabulous periods of hockey the teams were at a 4 to 4 tie and overtime was inevitable. Constable Andy Rayne of Balcarres De~chment was brought in from an early retirement to tend the nets ~o: thi~ tournament as Allan 'Tubby' Bellegarde had suffered a leg mJury m the regular season play. But all good things must come to an end and to our dismay Regina popped three quick goals past Andy to win the game 7 to 4. Trophies for the best player, top scorer and best goalie were presented to a most deserving threesome. It was a very good year and the Warriors plan on coming back next year to keep File Hills on the hockey map. Page 12 The Saskatchewan Indian ed in the local leagues. Practices are scheduled to begin this month. There is also soccer and fastball at the Student Residence. Other sports activities, driving lessons and films are planned. In May, a sportsmans reunion will be held for those who have participated in the various sports teams of the Centre. A banquet and dance will be held. The Prince Albert Indian Days , the Princess Pageant and week-end camping excursions are planned for June, and the Provincial Friendship Centre Golf Championship will be held in July. A sewing class of twenty ladies is in progress. The women will soon hold a fashion show displaying the clothes they have made in class. The youth club is also active and holds dances twice a month. Ping pong, pool and shuffleboard tables are used regularly and there are tournaments held . Saturday bingos will continue as will the Sunday pow-wow practices. The staff of ten also has a volunteer hospital visiting program where they take turns visiting patients who are lonely and enjoy a Cree conversation. Even before the snow has disappeared for this year the Centre has projected plans for next winter. Included in the list of activities are curling , hockey, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing. The Courtworkers are busy. The need for such services has prompted another course in July and this will train several Native people in a manner similar to what the former students learnt. Barry Berglund, one of the Centre ' s courtworkers, will be setting up an office in Melfort as the need for this has warranted a permanent service in this town~ April 1974 �Aeross Canada Medical terllls useful in new Cree dictionary Edmonton - Indian patients, especially those who speak Cree exclusively have difficulty understanding medical terms when hospitalized or visiting doctors. Anne Anderson, a noted Cree language specialist, has written a dictionary which includes many commonly used medical terms. Cree is a very literal language and in her dictionary an X-ray is described as "being seen through'' and the womb as ''where life begins". Mrs. Anderson received assistance from elderly Cree people who were fluent in the language. Mrs. Anderson, manager of a Cree language school which has had nearly 450 students, believes the Cree language should be restored to its original form. Missionaries and others have written Cree dictionaries before but these have not been accurate. Native people to he adlllitted to Law Course Windsor - Native people meeting certain requirements will be admitted to the Faculty of Law at the University of Windsor, Ontario. Any Native person who has completed two years of university, passed the Law School Admissions Te st and taken the eight week "Legal Studies for Native People" at the U of S in Saskatoon will be admitted k the faculty. Minimum entrance requirements may be altered in special cases such as mature students with relevant past working experience and . performance. If a person is applying t~y should April 1974 include certain information ir, their application such as past working experience, education, and a statement as to why they want to study law. The Law Schools Admission Test will have to be written as well as an interview with an Admissions Officer. More information can be obtained from the Faculty of Law, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario. Trouble hits Hydro project at Jallles Bay James Bay, P .Q. - In the past few months, troubles have plagued the James Bay hydroelectric project quite regularly. Last month workers on the main construction site rioted and caused considerable damage to generators and other equipment. A fire broke out East.er weekend and caused damage to a $500,000 generator and destroyed a storehouse and garage containing spare tires and other supplies. To add to it all, the spokesman for the $6 billion project recently announced that costs will rise to an estimated $8 billion dollars due to inflation and high costs of contractors. M.P. questions lllonies spent on legal battles Ottawa - James Bay Indians were recently asked to explain how they spent the $2 million dollars provided them by the federal government to support their legal battle against a multibillion power project in the area. The request came from the Commons Indian Affairs Committee after Alexandre Cyr ( Liberal - Gaspe) questioned whether lawyers and other non-Indians were getting the most benefif from the federal money. Mr. Cyr wanted the suspending of any further grants to the Indians but was immediately informed by the Conservative and the New Democrat MPs that "they wanted no part of a fishing expedition or any action that might harass Indian legal actions." A legal representatives for the James Bay Indians, Moni4ue Caron, during a public rally said the money was spent "in many different ways'', including financing of environmental studies of the James Bay project, expenses of expert witnesses, and transportation and living expenses of Indian witnesses. Hearings begin on Native land claillls issues Yellowknife, N.W.T. - Hearings began recently in three northern communities regarding Native land claims and the proposed Canadian Arctic Gas pipeline. Mr. Justice Thomas Berger of the British Columbia Supreme Court will move on to Inuvik and Whitehorse in order to establish some procedure to be followed at hearings in the future. The Indian Brotherhood of the Northwest Territories and the Committee for Original People's Entitlement feel that a right of way for the pipeline should not be approved until the Native land claims are settled. They are not impressed with the number of jobs and feel the government will not be very anxious to negotiate land claims or settlements • if a pipeline is allowed to be built. Last year the territorial court rules that the Indians seem to have a good case when claiming the aboriginal title to over 400,000 square miles of land in the Mackenzie Delta. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 13 �The News Debts over $200,000 .. Gov't aid to fish co-op to end plant badly in debt Uranium City- The Department of Indian Affairs has emphatically stated they will not finance the Athabasca Native Fisheries Co-op Limited. Dan Genn, a senior public servant in the Department, made the statement at a meeting in Uranium City recently . .,.,. He said his department conducted a survey which showed 2,000 Indians are involved in primary fishing and only 100 in processing. The Athabasca Native Fisheries own a processing plant at the old Gunner mine site on Lake Athabasca. Mr. Genn pointed out that no five finished and there appeared one is benefiting from the grants to be very little local interest. and loans I.A.B. has given to the The Athabasca Native Fisheries Co-op for the processing plant. Limited owes Co-op Fisheries He said the Department will con- approximately $100,000 and Incentrate on thise Indians involved dian Affairs over $220,000, none in primary fishing rather than in of which has been repaid. the processing industry. Not only is Indian Affairs refusing to fund Athabasca - but Co-op By Ken Williams Fisheries Limited will not enter Moccasin Telegraph another management agreement In 1971 I.A.B. loaned the Atha- with Athabasca unless there is a basca Na ti-le Fisheries Ltd. guarantee the money advanced to $209,000 and gave them a grant the Native Co-op will be repaid. of $125,000. The Freshwater Fish MarketIn 1973 _another grant of $194,- ing Corporation is not in the pro000 was given to the Co-op from cessing business according to the Department of Indian Affairs. Peter Moss, Regional Supervisor The · first grant and loan was from Winnipeg, and therefore delayed because of red tape, they are not interested in taking therefore Co-op Fisheries Limithis plant over either. What the ted advanced some money to get F.F.M.C. can do he said is pro-· the operations started. vide technical help to those runThe first two years of operaning the plant and train the emtions weren't successful because ployees at F.F.M.C.'s expense. of low- volume and high costs toMr. Genn suggested that the gether with an outmoded refriAthabasca Native Fisheries Ltd. geration ,unit. give up the agency and hand it The grant given in 1973 was to over to someone who can handle cover the advances from CFL it. and losses incurred by the Co-op. He said Indian Affairs is interAt the same time, I.A.B. reested in the assets of the plant scheduled the payments of their because of the loans and will 1971 loan and arranged for a help facilitate a transfer of own$100,000 bank line of credit. ership to a new agent. The grant, however, didn't arrive It appears as if only treaty until .August, therefore Co-op Indian fishermen are involved Fisheries again advanced more with the processing plant but in money, and plans were made with fact they make up only 25% of Manpower to train Indians on the the fishermen on the lake. job in the processing plant. ThirThe new Chief of the Stony ty seven started training but only Rapids Band, Bill Stalthanie, Page 14 The Sa skatchewan Indian stated he could only speak for his people but he would like to make it clear they are ready to co-operate with all fishermen. He asked what would be the legal procedure to disband the present Co-op Board of the Athabasca Native Fisheries. "Is there any reason legally that the A.N.F., Co-op Board and the Uranium and Camsell Co-op Board could not work together. Although the plant had gone in the hole and the opera tiori seems to be floundering, I feel the local people could make it viable operation ;" he said. "If this plant is to be run by an outside organization with control bythe local people, then it would probably run at a larger deficit than it presently does." Chief Stalthanie reflected the · mood of the majority of the peo-· pie present when he said .the board should be representative· , of all fisheries and that maybe 1 in this respect the plant could function better.• · a College offers sullllller classes Tsaile, Arizona - Navajo Community College will hold a summer school at its new campus at Tsaile, Arizona June 10 to July 12, 1974. Indian Studies courses in Navajo language, siJ~ versmithing, weaving and , Navajo history and culture will be taught. Courses from the Liberal Ads will also be offered. · Anyone interested and wanting more information may write to: Registrar, Navajo Community College, Many Farms Rural Post ·omce, Tsaile, Arizona, 86503; or call ( 602) 724-3311. April 'i974 �Faulkner tells conference Indians - Metis must unite ·for communications funding Edmonton - Despite objections by the National Indian Brotherhood, Secretary of State Hugh Faulkner has announced the federal government will fund only Native communications projects directed at both Indian and Metis persons. Speaking to a Native Communications workshop in Edmonton recently, Mr. Faulkner said in future grants would be limited to only one group in each region: a group "serving all Canadians of Native origin." Under the criteria both the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians and the Metis Society of Saskatchewan would be ineligible f.or the grants as would the majority of Native organizations across the country. Recommendations along the The secretary of state has been lines of the N.I.B. proposal were a traditional source of grants to also made in a report prepared both Indian and Metis organizafor Mr. Faulkner by Jerry Kentions for the funding of such projects as newspapers, radio proney, a consultant on loan to the government from Be 11 Canada grams and television. The announcement brought heatLtd. While promising "that support ed reaction from the F.S.I. exeto hative newspapers would be cutive director Cliff Starr who our minimal response", Mr. called the new policy "just another Faulkner said "it was clear that attempt by the federal governthe federal government could not ment to force their programs on afford to give communications Indian people." equipment to all native organiza"The policy simply isn't flextions, all the Friendship Centres ible enough to do Saskatchewan and all the special interest groups any good, '' he said. The new funding policy is in such as youth and women." The government would consider defiance of recommenda tiom funding only "Resource Organimade to the State Department zations, that would carry out last year by the National Indian communications activities in coBrotherhood and contradicts reoperation with each and all of commendations made by the state the different groups," Mr. FaulkDepartment's own consultant. N J.B. had recommended a grant ner said. The resource groups would have~ formula that would recognize ato meet the following criteria, variety of regional needs and a he said. diversity of interests between - only one resource group would Indian and Metis organizations. be considered per region. The They recommended that grants regions would be determined by for communications projects be cultural, linguistic and geogramade directly to recognized Naphical factors but could extend tive organizations who would debeyond the borders of a procide for themselves the nature vince. and scope of their programs. - the group would have to be The N.I.B. proposal resulted sponsored by a service-orienfrom a workshop in the fall of ta ted group serving all Cana1972 that brought together redians of Native origin. presentatives from each Indian - there must be an attempt to organization in the country. April 1974 involve the private sector and there must be funding sources other than the federal government. - the groups would have to be prepared to lend any Native group such equipment as it may reasonably require. - the applications must come from persons directly involved with the group. Mr. Faulkner warned that there was little money available at present even for such groups and the financing of such groups would have to be staggered over a number of years. Although saying that funds could be made available to Native organizations to assist with newspapers, Mr. Faulkner said no monies would be granted for capital costs until the above criteria were met.• DNS announces 1500 new jobs for northerners Regina - A Bill that could create up to 1,500 new jobs for northern residents is presen~ being studied by the Saskatchewan legislature. Education Minister Gordon MacMurchy, acting Minister of the Department of Northern Saskatchewan, said if passed, the Bill would have a $5 million economic development fund under the DNS and create up to 900 new jobs. The other jobs would come from housing and construction funds included in the Bill. Ted Bowerman, Minister of the Department of Northern Saskatchewan, is presently ill. Tb~ Saskatchewan Indian Page 15 �''for two lovely weeks you enjoy the fresh clean air and the life of a trapper" --=:~::-:-,i.- ~ ~ .,..,----· --- �Spring-trap time for north ,.,.Springtime is a busy time for northern residents as they begin to prepare for the trapline" Even now that I am living in a city, one thing always comes to mind when spring rolls around. The season brings spring fever to most people and I am no exception. Each year I have this longing to go back to the days when I was still living at home in Deschambeault, going out to the trapline, missing a couple of weeks of school, and competing with my brothers and sisters over who would .catch the most muskrats. come. Around this time every year Usually, the best travelling conin most northern settlements ditions are on an early crisp where the people depend on trapspring morning while the snow ping industry for one of their still retains it's crust. Most main sources of income , the people in the north now use the parents will have a meeting with snowmobile for pulling their the school officials, informing load which will usually include them they wish to take their kids a small boat or canoe. The wife out for a couple of weeks to go trapping. By Joan Bea tty In anticipation of this request, F .S.I. Reporter both the teachers and students and children will ride, along would have worked hards for with the supplies, .on the top of weeks to make sure they are the sleigh. Before the snowmofully caught up or ahead in their bile was introduced in the north, school assignments. dog teams did the job just as : In great excitement , everyone efficiently. Maybe better because pitches in to help in preparation you didn't have to worry about of the trip, most of the time gas and it was much easier to being more of a hindrance than get out if you ever became stuck an assistance. Not only are the in deep snow or slushy ice conkids excited but so are the ditions. wives; even --though they try not Depending on trave,lling conto show it, since they usually ditions and the distance to your have to stay home with the trapline, it will take a day or children through mo st of the two to get there. The whole famischoo1 term. ly will enjoy this part of the The mother will usually busy trip - stopping and making a herself packing the bedding, camp fire and enjoying some clothes, and utensils while the bannock and tea in the spring father will go to the local Coweather as they make camp op or Bay store to charge up overnight. the groceries that will last the family for a couple of weeks. The list of graceries will include just the basic requirements like tea, sugar, flour, lard, and lots of salt since there will be lots of muskrats , ducks and fish to eat. Finally the day arrives and you ~re told to get up even though you've been awake almost all night waiting · for morning to April 1974 You finally arrive at the trapline's little log cabin , and one of the first tasks to to check if everything is the same as you've left it. The task now is to clean it up, unpack and prepare for the next day to go set your muskrat traps. For two lovely weeks , you for get about school assignments and enjoy the life of a trapper . Fresh clean air, and no air planes or cars. But as all good things must come to an end , the two weeks fly by. By this time, there are some open areas of water on the lakes and you have to watch where you are travelling, usually sticking close to the lake shore. Many times, everyone is put to work pushing the sleigh and canoe out of the slush or through an area on land where the snow has melted. If you are lucky, the ice will still be strong enough to enable you to use the snowmobile all the way home. But if not, that's where the canoe comes in, and alot of walking and pushing. You finally arrive back home , take a few muskrats to your grandmother, and for the next few weeks, brag to your school chums how many muskrats you caught, sporting brand new pants or rubber boots.• The Saskatchewan Indian Page 17 �Briefl,Anti-loiter law repealed at Battle£ ords North Battleford - An antiloitering bylaw, passed in March, 1972, was recently repealed by North Battleford City Council. The bylaw, one of the most co·ntroversial ever passed , has never had any charges laid under it in its two year history. Once termed by protestors as a '' racist law directed against the Indians who visit the city from nearby reserves" , the bylaw was passed to deal with loitering problems in a park and downtown areas. City Council sought the opinions of others and found the bylaw to be of Iittle or no value and probably never would be. However , the mayor of North Battleford said repealing the bylaw did not mean loitering was to be overlooked . McNab wins in Gordon's hand elections Gordon's Reserve - In band elections held recently on this reserve, the incumbant chief, Hilliard McNab, was re-elected by acclamation. Out of a total of eighteen hopefulls ten councillors were chosen. ·· Returned to the Councillor's positions were Thomas Bird, Henry Roberts, manager, is shown here selling a beaded purse to a couple of customers. The Northern Handicraft store is a co-operative of all Indian membership and stocks Indian handicrafts made by Indian people from all parts of Canada. These include beaded leather jackets, mukluks, beaded moccasins, birch bark, beaded brooches and necklaces, snowshoes, almost anything you can think of. Page 18 The Saskatchewan Indian Bryan McNab, Melvin McNab, William T. McNab, Wayne Morris, and William T. Morris. Newly elected were four councillors - Herman Blind, Frank M. Cyr, Henry Geddes and Dan Pelletier. For the first time in this reserve' s history, eighteen-yearolds and non-resident band members were allowed to vote. Out of a possible 414 votes, 132 turned up to cast their ballots. Many eligible voters are not on the reserve and could not return for the band elections. Slilll edge for • • 1Dosqu1to 1n chiefs race Mosquito - Elections for Chief and four councillors were recently held on Mosquito Reserve, 29 miles south of Battleford. Nominated to contest the Chief's position were six candidates: William Stone, Steven Moosomin, Leonard Wuttunee, Peter Moosomin, Solomon Mosquito, and Henry Beaudry. Also nominated were 10 candidates for councillor's positions: Paul Stone, Jenny Spyglass, Henry Bird, Clifford Bird, Francis Moosomin, Frank Moosomin, Martin Spyglass, Douglas Moosomin, Ernest Wahobin, Art Beaudry. There were four positions for councillors; Elections were slated for April 4, 1974, at the community's new band office and 90% of the eligible voters cast their ballots. Emerging victorious in a very tight race for Chief was Solomon Mosquito. He won over Steve Moosomin by a very slim margin of one vote , polling 22 votes as compared to 21 votes for Steve Moosomin. Elected were a new slate of four councillors: Paul Stone, Jenny Spyglass, Frank Moosomin, and Ernest Wahobin. April 1974 �Briell1 Northern group holds tour to educate South La Ronge - "Northern Voices", a tour designed to inform and educate southern residents about Northern Saskatchewan, was held recently in several Saskatchewan centres including Prince Albert, Saskatoon, Regina, Moose Jaw and Lebret. The participants were people from the North involved in and aware of events of the North . The ability of the Department of Northern Saskatchewan to build employee homes while neglecting Native housing needs, the lack of employment opportunities, the non-hiring of Natives in effective, decision-making positions and the inadequate health and welfare services were some of the problems mentioned. The ineffective welfare appeal board, high food and transportation costs, and the D.N.S.'s lack of consultation with Native people before implementing programs were also mentioned. "Northern Voices" appealed to Saskatchewan res1dents to help in setting the D.N.S. in the direction and manner it was supposed to operate and to help in getting the Churchill River study to allow funding for the Missinipe Committee to permit Northern SResidents to have more input into the study. Several groups lent support to "Northern Voices" and it will maintain and infor:mation service at Box 239, La Ronge, Sask. board voted to have nine teachers transferred from the Rossignal school. This resulted in a sitin by some community residents, protesting the transfers and forcing the school to shut down for a coupld of days. Education Minister Gordon MacMurchy has appointed Hugh Thompson, a regional superintendent with the education department, to act as mediator and to commence investigations into the dispute immediately. New auditoriulll gylllnasiulll for Sandy Bay Sandy Bay - A new auditorium gymnasium will be built for the school in this community. Government Services Minister John Brockelbank recently announced plans to secure tenders for construction during the next four months. A total of five such building projects in Saskatchewan were announced and the Minister said this will create nearly 50,000 manhours of employment in the construction fields. This will be worthwhile for the Sandy Bay Community and there is a shortage of employment in this area as in many northern centres. kindergarten classroolll for Kinistino reserve Kinistino Reserve - After much planning and work, Kinistino band has completed a new building for their kindergarten class. Children previously attended school in an old renovated building. The opening of the classroom took place earlier this month. Chief Tony Thomas performed the ribbon cutting ceremony with about 150 people in attendance. Ralph Alberts and Wally Walcer, of the Saskatoon District of Indian Affairs also atended. Kinistino kindergarten classes beg·m on the reserve nine years ago. There are presently 17 children enrolled and they are taught by Mrs. Lillian Abrahamson. Miss Karen Nippi, a member of the band, is a teacher's aide. Ile-a-la-Crosse residents hold school protest Ile-a-la-Crosse a dispute recently arose at the northern community of Ile-a-la-Crosse after a newly elected school April 1974 The streaking craze hit all of North America and a recent all native hockey tournament was no exception. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 19 �Briefly Driving course conducted at Sturgeon Lake Sturgeon Lake Sergeant Kevin O'Callaghan, member in charge of the Prince Albert R.C.M.P. Highway Patrol, conducted a three day defensive driving course on the Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve recently. Fifteen residents of the Reserve received defensive driving cards and were joined in some lectures and lively discussions of the Liquor and Vehicles Acts by local residents and senior pupils of Mr. N.S. Bain's class. The course offered an opportunity to many of the people to discuss their opinions on driving and how some of their minor faults could be corrected. The program was sponsored by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and the defensive driving kit was on loan from the Prince Albert City Police. For first tillle court held on Patanuak Patuanak - As a result of a meeting some three months ago between Corporal Ed Servanievich, NCO in charge of Ile A La Crosse RCMP Detachment and J.B. Sand ypoint, Chief of the English River Indian Reserve at Patuanak, Saskatchewan, it was decided to approach Judge Robert P. Francis of La Ronge, the travelling circuit judge of the area, with the request that he hold Court on the Patanuak Reserve. Judge Francis agreed to hold a special Court sitting at Pa tanuak on February 22, 1974. A total of nine cases were heard including three tirals involving witnesses from the local RePage 20 The Saskatchewan Indian Front Row - left to right: Narcisse Daniels, Mrs. Marjorie Daniels, Mrs. Nellie Kingfisher, Joan Longjohn, Michael Daniels, Frank Eyahpaise. Back Row - left to right: Barry Kingfisher, Glen Kingfisher, Harold Roberts, Wesley Daniels, Chief Harold Kingfisher, Sgt. Kevin O'Callaghan (Instructor), Mr. N.S. Bains (Sturgeon Lake School Teacher). Missing: Richard Daniels, Vital Daniels, Harris Ermine, Robert Ermine. serve. The cases before the Court involved Break, Enter and Theft, Theft, Damage to Property, Assault and three cases of illegally having liquor on the dry Reserve. As this was the first time that Court was ever heard on the reserve, the court room was packed with young and old alike. Chief Sandypoint feels the day was a great success and that his people now have a better understanding of the law and what goes on in a court room. Court case to decide Indian tax exce1Dption Prince Albert - Income tax exemption for Treaty Indians in the future will depend largely on a test case now being tried in Ottawa. A staff member of the National Indian Brotherhood is being taken to court by court by the Department of National Revenue on the grounds that Treaty Indians working off the reserve pay income tax. An an annual meeting of the National Indian Brotherhood in August, 1972, at Edmonton, a policy was agreed on by members stating they would make no income tax deductions for their Indian Employees. According to Section 87 and 90 of the Indian Act, taxation exemp tions are allowed for " personal property of an Indian or band situated on a Re serve' ' and ' ' personal property purchased by the governmen t by Indian money or by money appropriated from Parliament for the use and benefit of the Indians''. Since September of 1972, Feder ation of Saskatchewan Indian staff has not been paying Income Tax. April 1974 �To Our Advertisers The Saskatchewan Indian's printing costs have increased dramatically in the past year. The cost of paper is up about 40per cent, inks are up about 25 per cent and photo products are up about 35 per cent. In addition the Saskatchewan Indian has gone to a smaller booklet format and improved the grade of paper it is printed on. For these reasons we find it necessary to increase the price of our display ads. Effective May 1, 1974 the following rate scale will be applied. General Advertising Rate $6.00 per eolumn ineh Full Page Ad Rate $140.00 Issued monthly, The Saskatchewan Indian has a circulation of about 14,500 copies. It is printed offset in a booklet format, the inside pages measuring seven inches wide by nine and one half inches deep. The page carries three columns, the width of one column being two and one-eighth inches wide; two columns are four and a half inches wide and three columns seven inches wide. Our halftone prints are shot with a 100 line screen. Closing date for advertising 15th of each month. submissions is the The Saskatchewan Indian is the official publication of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians. Advertising copy should be sent to: The Editor Saskatchewan Indian 1114 Central Avenue Prince Albert, Sask. �An Assinihoine _,,,.,,.- _ Legend , .-·· --- / ... ... as they went across the plains" Page 22 The Saskatchewan Indian April 1974 �An Assini•oine Legend WAH-GAN-KANA-TEE The Chief's beautiful daughter is the reward for the best warrior as the Assiniboine seek revenge from _the Piegan. The only son of an Assiniboine head chief was hunting when he was killed by a· Piegan war party. When such events happened, revenge was sought by sending our war parties. Rumours reported that the chief would ask the tribesmen to avenge his son's death by using the "Pipe of Chiefs", the most sacred rite. It was also said that the chief would ask for the best warrior to lead the party. This brave would be rewarded with having the chief's beautiful daughter as his wife. One morning the old chief came out of his lodge carrying the "Pipe of Chiefs". He went around the camp asking the people to avenge his son's death. The people felt sympathy for him but no one took the pipe. At last an old woman stepped out and took it from him. She did this for her grandson, Shagen, an orphan she had raised. The chief expressed his gratitude. The people of the camp were surprised. Some fel.t that Shagen had no right to the honour . This was because he had not been raised with a father. did no t know C ~I[~ !~ I ,}' '1J , . The old chief was not surprised as he knew that the Wakantanka had strange ways. He ordered that a lodge be set up for the young man to perform the rite. Shagen and four singers entered and began to smoke the pipe and sing. Shagen called for Wakantanka, who appeared to him in a dream. He told Shagen that four wolves would howl from the north, south, east and west. The howling wolves were heard and Shagen told of the bision that Wakantanka had given him. He had seen a vision of victory and many ponies taken from the enemy. As a result of his vision, the people accepted Shagen as their leader and great warrior to lead April 1974 the war party. Shagen was given gifts and looked after by the people. Every warrior wanted to go on the war party. They began to prepare themselves . On the set day, the war party travelled to the west. They looked very colourful and mighty as they went across the plains. After three days no enemy was sighted. On the fourth day Shagen sang the song of Wakan tanka: Warriors pursue glory and honour Through the hardships of the warpath Though death is often their only reward Listen now, men of this nation Be ready to fight fearlessly Because one of our warriors lies in death 'Far from us, his people. His vision told of the Piegan' s arrival to a nearby lake and they were setting up their lodges. In his vision, Wakantanka had told him, that of all the ho.rses taken, two were to be .Shagen' s. A grey horse with an antelope ear necklace around his neck and a reddish brown one with an eagle feather tied to its tail were to be Shagen' s. The scouts were sent out and ride back in a zigzag way. This was a sign that enemy was seen. As quickly as they could prepare, the Assiniboine warriors moved toward the camp. The battle was short and a great many ponies were taken. Shagen took .his two horses and everyone returned home victorious. Shagen married the chief's daughter . Years later , he took his father-in-law's place as chief and became famous as one of the great chiefs of the Assiniboine. At the spot of the Piegan's camp near the lake , there was an old woman in the battle whose spirit remained there. Whenever people stopped and camped there they could hear her singing a mournful song. As a result, the lake became known as Wah-Gan-Kana-Tee or Old Wives Lake. This lake is located about thirty miles southwest of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. From the book "Assiniboine Legends" published by the Saskatchewan Indian Cultural College. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 23 �The News Children ·write on ·education At a recent Education Week held at Piapot Reserve the students were asked to write about their attitudes towards education and their ambitions. Piapot Reserve - What does education mean to a child? An education week was held on the Piapot Reserve recently. The . school children of the Piapot Day School were encouraged to V\Tite essays about education and what it meant to them. Judging from the children's comments they feel education is a meaningful step towards future goals "when they grow up". The essays were V\Titten honestly and openly - in the manner only a child can V\Tite. Here are some of their comments. "I'd like to travel around the world and teach children to sing, to read, to write and to do Math and Spelling. Other children talk all different ways. And one day when I become a teacher I will teach children how to learn well." Hertha Papequash, grade two ffGood education gets you a good job. It also gets you through college. I like to be in school most of the time." Sharon Anaquod, grade three. "Mailmen have before getting a man has a good a good job you school." DwayneNoname, to be trained job. A mailjob. To have must go to grade three ffWhen I grow up I want to be a policeman. A policeman helps people. He protects people from danger. He makes sure that everything is going well. When I become a policeman I will work on Piapot Reserve." Kenny Papequash, grade two The grade one students have not yet decided what they want to be but in the essays they all liked school. ff/ like to play outside with Gloria. I like coloring too.• ~ Elizabeth, Fox, grade one ff/ like going t_o school." David Kaisawatum, grade one ff/ like school and I like to play with my friends." Eileen Desjarlais, grade one. The children are aware of their people's needs and many of their ambitions are to fill these needs on their reserves. ffMy ambition when I grow up is to study to become a lawyer. Indian people are in great need of getting lawyers to defend them in the courts. There are not very many Indian lawyers in Canada today." Walter Desjarlais, age ten ffWhen I grow up and pass all my grades, I want to go to university and study to be a teacher. If students don't get along with me, I'll have to get along with them." MarciaN ahnepowisk, age ten. Parents , teachers and others have duties and responsibilities to children so when they "grow up" they can become teachers, firemen, lawyers, farmers and whatever else the children want to be. It is also a necessity that the children receive the support and encouragement to remain in school and better their lives as well as their people's.* ffPlenty of water is the most important thing that is needed to put out a fire. Firemen work hard learning how to save people from burning buildings. They save many lives . There are no firemen on the reserves so when I grow up I'm going to be a fireman :" Roy Kaisawatum, grade three ffThe farmer has hard. The farmer busy man. I want farmer when I grow Calvin Kaisawatum, to work is a very to be a up." grade two Page 24 The Saskatchewan Indian April 1974 �The Saskatche Rated as one of the best Indian publications in North America, "The Saskatchewan Indian", is the united voice of Indian people in Saskatchewan. The Saskatchewan Indian Box 1644 Prince Albert, Saskatchewan I am enclosing $5.00 by cheque or money order for a one year subscription 112 issues) Please send it to: Name:------------------------Address: _ ______________________ _ --------------------------Postal Code:... ___________ - - - - - - - - - - - �The Indian Artists usleepiag - Graadmo t h e r H ~ A lle n Sapp -- Cdetail) -- of Sasl~atchewan · Page 26 The Saskatchewan Indian April 1974 . �··Gabriel April 1974 Dumo nt~~~ Raymond MeCall um A young Indian artist currently studying at the Cultural College in Saskat oon, Raymond McCallum, specializes in facial portraits. The careful rendering of the facial aspects in his portraits provide the viewer with his impr ession of the character of his subject. Raymond is a Cree from the Meadow Lake reserve . �Indian Artists A colour feature sponsored by the Saskatehewan Cultural Indian College paintings loaned courtesy of Dr . .John Warner Editor's note - Today an Indian artist is considered successful when he reaches the point where his work is given a showing in such large centres as Toronto, New York and London. Even the young Indian artist just building his reputation is forced to take his work to the larger urban centres and the professional art shop. There are no art galleries on Saskatchewan reserves and if there has ever been provision for travelling art exhibits to the reserves, we have yet to hear of it. The Indian artist's reputation , and his living , is made in the White Man's world and often word of his success does not even get back to his own people. It is with the intention of sharing with the Indian people of Saskatchewan the successes of Page 28 The Saskatchewan Indian some of their own artists that the Saskatchewan Indian Cultural College has helped to underwrite the costs of this special colour feature in the Saskatchewan Indian. We apologize in advance for not having included samples from all our top artists but space and costs simply would not permit it. We hope in future, however, to continue featuring the work of Saskatchewan Indian artists in the pages of the Saskatchewan Indian. A special thanks to Dr. John Warner, associate professor of sociology at the University of Saskatchewan, for writing the accompanying article with this feature and for loaning us the paintings featured . Thanks also to those artists who have also loaned us their work for this issue. April 1974 �lntrodnetion Painting has been and is becoming an ever more noteworthy aspect of the Saskatchewan Indian cultural scene. In recent years a number of very fine painters have emerged to attract attention not only in this province but in the rest of the nation and aborad as well. No doubt the most spectacular example of this has been the wonderful success of Allen Sapp's work in the art galleries of Vancouver, Toronto, Montreal, Los Angeles, and London, England. His artistic and financial achievements have shown that the production of Saskatchewan's native painters can be accorded world wide acclaim. This is a matter of pride for all Saskatchewan Indians. by Dr. John Warner Department of Sociology University of Saskatchewan Regina Campus Most prairie painting, particularly that in Saskatchewan, tends to be realistic in character. That is to say, the art work portrays people and things as they really are. That is especially so with regard to the faithful reproduction of nature scenes. Sometimes, as in the case of Allen Sapp, there will be some impressionist technique which overlays this sense of realism in the painting. Nonetheless, most Saskatchewan painters prefer to render stories and scenes as they might actually appear in true reality. This realism is the product, in part, of an exposure to the popular art of the white man's world. Ever since the fateful trips of such white artists as George Catlin, Carl Bodmer, and Paul Kane to the Plains area in the 1830s and 1840s, the painting of Plains artists has tended to become ever more realistic. With the advent of reserve life and the partial deculturation of once nomadic tribes, their arts - as with other elements of their culture - have experienced the effect of culture contact with a surrounding white milieu. The omnipresent examples of the white man's creativity - particularly with respect to European realism and romanticism - were not without effect on the imagination of Plains Indian painters. But Plains artists have taken this kind of realist perspective and the concept of art for art's sake and wedded it to a unique imagination of their own. The hybrid form of art which results from this fusion is one with whole new dimensions of meaning and beauty. I might say that the whole is definitely greater than the sum of its parts. Some art critics have alleged that Saskatchewan Indian painting is indistinguishable from white counterparts. I do not think that such a statement is entirely accurate. No non-Indian would have quite the same feeling for color, nature, and Indian life as the native painters themselves. While there are similarities to the work of white illustrators, the differences are of an important order. Indian pai~ting, generally speaking, is making April 1974 great strides right now in Canada. In Manitoba, for example, a number of native painters have joined together in order to form an Indian 'Group of Seven' association: Daphne "Odjig" Beavon, Norval Morriseau, Carl Ray, Jackson Beardy, Eddy Cobbiness, Alex Janvier, and Sanchez. Together they will seek to market their works throughout Canada and the world and promote an awareness of this great Indian heritage. While important progress has been made of late, Canada has been slow to recognize the talent and achievement of its native painters. While the Indian Pavilion at Expo '67 did contain the works of a number of artists, the National Gallery in Ottawa still does not own or exhibit any works by Canadian native peoples. This will have to change. Saskatchewan painters might be well advised to follow the example of their Manitoba colleagues. Many painters in this province still rely upon trying to sell their own work by themselves and this is a difficult and awkward thing to have to do. Most painters are not businessmen and do not always know how to deal with a sometimes bewildering and complex white world. This will have to be remedied. After all, when an Indian painter produces canvases, he is in the white art world in a defactor sense and most ( if not virtually all) of the customers for his work are white. It is a strange anomaly that Indian people themselves, for whatever reasons, do not seem to own many works of their own artists. Therefore, insofar as being a painter automatically connotes dealing with the white marketplace, I think it would benefit Saskatchewan artists to have more effective ways of dealing with that world. Today the subject matter emphasis for most artists is upon nostalgie remembrances of the historic past and nature scenes. Even Sapp's efforts to recall the real life of his people on the reserves of the Battlefords' area of a few years ago are not common as yet. Much less, there is little in the way of what we might term contemporary social commentary in painting - such as that which might deal with problems like poverty, health, alcoholism, Indian militance, and so on. As J. J. Brody has pointed out in his book, Indian Painters and White Patrons, it would seem that in the future we will witness much more of this kind of art as a younger generation of painters comes to maturity in new times. Certainly the FSI's Indian Cultural College in Saskatoon may have a very worthy contribution to make regarding the training and encouraging of the next generation of native painters. Under the guidance of excellent artists like Sarain Stump, many new and exciting things are promised for the future. Be that as it may, what we have now is an art output worthy of respect and appreciation by all. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 29 �~ ~ ...... •• ~ • •• .....•• .IaqsJ~ p~o,uus •• ~pooa aqJ DJ u111n1nv !t!t �··Qa!, Appelle Valley in the \Vinter!J!t Laeihelle Sorenson The great granddaughter of Chief Dan Kennedy, Lucibelle Sorenson likes to recreate scenes from the past in her paintings. She generally paints prairie scenes from Carry The Kettle reserve, and does a few mountain scenes when requested to. ( left) A Cree Indian from Gordons Reserve , Sanford Fisher has a very natural talent. Although he has no formal training, he paints beautiful scenes about the Indian past. He is a romantic painter with a distinctive technique for mixing color and a unique imagination of his own. Sanford began painting a few years ago with his right arm. Then because of a gun shot wound, he had to switch to his left arm. He switched back to his right arm when his left arm was amputated because of cancer. Even after all the trouble with his arms, Sa~ford's painting technique did not alter. April 1974 They are even more brilliant now than before. Recently, he began painting scenes from his own life on the reserve where his 8 children now attend the school. Sanford himself resides in Regina, where he does a wide range of paintings to accommodate his customers. In August 1973, a group of people from Regina visited China and presented one of his paintings to the Chinese. The painting, of his own people at work, was presented by Rose and Rod Bishop and· now hangs in the Minorities Institute, Peking. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 31 �Tommy Charles, a twenty-one year old Native of East Trout Lake , has recently enrolled in the art classes at the Saskatchewan Indian College to further his artistic training. Tommy already has training from Banff School of Fine Arts . He also taught art at the Art Centre in Prince Albert. Tommy, totally blind in his right eye, enjoys using all types of medium. His pictures favour northern wilderqess landscapes and abstracts. Page 32 The Saskatcbewan Indian April 1974 �Indian Artiids Lucille Bell has been working with ink portraits, sketching and painting for the last five years. She has had experience as a commercial artist for three years. Lucille and her husband Ron both study at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. She is enrolled in a four-year Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree program. Originally a member of the John Smith Band, Lucille is employed as a Saskatchewan Indian reporter for the Regina-Ft. Qu' Appelle areas but continues her art work in her spare time. April 1974 The Saskatchewan Indian Page 33 �Mike Lonechild, 17, from the White Bear Reserve, is a student at the Student's Residence on Gordons Reserve. His paintings are of traditional scenes and tend to be realistic with a heavy overlay of impression that is very pronounced. •• Abandoned Ho111e!J! Miehael Loneehild �••pow Wow~~~ Henry Originally from the Poundmaker Reserve, Henry Beaudry is a great grandson of Chief Poundmaker. He is a self-taught artist who prefers to work on smooth surface boards. He is interested in history and enjoys painting of the life of the Plains Cree of the past. His paintings are very realistic and show great originality. Henry was in the World War II, as part of the Italian campaign. He was captured by the Germans outside Venice and was a prisoner of war until the end when he was liberated. He is the official flag raiser at patriotic functions in the North Battleford area. Henry now resides on the Mosquito Reserve , his wife ' s home reserve. Beaudry �• c :-- , · ,--~ . - '!" . Noel Wuttunee, from the Red Pheasant Reserve, has been a professional artist for several years. He now operate s his own art gallery in Winnipeg. Page 36 The Saskatchewan Indian April 1974 �Indian Artists paintings next page While on a dance tour in Europe, Wayne Goodwill visited the Museum of Man in Paris and was inspired by their display of hide paintings. With the help of John Warner, Wayne learned the technique of painting on hides and has since become very successful. He also does oil painting on canvas and is successful ath both. m wayne, a Sioux Indian from the Standing Buffalo Reserve, is on the band council there, welfare worker on the reserve, and he farms his own land. A . champion Pow-Wow dancer, he travels to numerous pow-wows with his wife and two children. Allan Sapp is a Cree Indian from the Red Pheasant Reserve where he was raised by his grandmother. As a child, he spent a lot of time· in hospitals and at home recuperating from spinal meningitis. He spent a short time at Onion Lake School but he rejected the whiteman's knowledge and returned home to his grandparents. Later he married Margaret Paskamin of Sweetgrass and moved to North Battleford where he began to paint. He learned to paint with the help of Mrs. Elaine Berrymen, owner of an art shop. She taught him the rudiments of oil painting. He sold paintings from do6r to door until Dr. Allen Gonner of North Battleford became his manager. He began to receive tutoring from Winona Mulcaster, a Saskatoon artist, who helped him to per- April 1974 feet his techniques, but not alter his fundamental style. Allan developed confidence in his style and has had many successful e~hibitions of his work in Toronto, Los Angeles and London, England. Due to the e·xcellent promotion of his work, Allan is becoming very well known as an a_rtist. He is a pioneer of Indian art in Saskatchewan and has opened the door for many others. He has brought attention and legi'timatized Indian art in the province by his success. In his painting Allan portrays a remembrance of his childhood years during the 1930's and 1950's in the Ba ttleford area. His work is easily recognizable by his style. His paintings are realistic and suggest forms and shapes rather than pronouncing them. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 37 �Ill J - I I I• d w 0 0 G e n y a w ••The Sioux Entry into Canada " 1877" " �'-'-Went to get _so1ne wrater 99 Allen Sapp �Bevie-.rs Kids enjoy "Alien Thunder" The Piapot School Committee took their school children to Regina for the movie recently it turned out to be a thoroughly enjoyable event. The School Committee of the re serve - recently sponsored a trip to Regina for the students of the Piapot Day School. "Alien Thunder" the recently released movie about Almighty Voice of the One Arrow Reserve near Duck Lake, was viewed by the students of grades one to nine. Upon returning from viewing the movie, they wrote reviews about " Alien Thunder". It is obvious that they· enjoyed the show. These are excerpts from some of their reviews. Piapot Reserve - Alien Thunder was a good movie; I really enjoyed seeing it. The teachers from our school hired a big bus from E.K. Warrger Bus Lines and took all the school children from grades 1 - 9 into Regina to see the movie. We realy enjoyed seeing the show because there were some Indian people in it that we know. Chief Dan George came to our reserve three years ago. The Indian actors in the movie certainly did a fine job. On the other hand , I felt sad that there was so much killing and brutality in the film. I didn't think it was fair that Almighty Voice should be murdered because he killed a cow to feed his family. People should try to be fair. This was a sad show for the children to see but they also enjoyed seeings parts of it. Especially the good acting of the Indian people . Barry Amaquod These are my thoughts of Alien Thunder: I think that Alien Thunder was quite a good show. The only part I didn't like was when the policeman was swearing at the Indians. Also were Almighty Page 40 The Saskatchewan Indian Voice took his wife out of the teepee with the guard watching. I think he slipped her through under the teepee. Also where they were making the noises like birds, at first I thought they were real birds until I saw the man on top of the teepee whistling with his hands on his mouth. I felt sad at the end of the show, that Almighty Voice died so young. He might have done so much for his people, if he had lived longer . By Dawn Fourhorn Grade 5 Alien Thunder was a good show. I liked the part when he fell of the cliff and shot the policeman in the arm. Almighty Voice wa ; a very good shot. I did not lik c the part when Almighty Voice and his friends were killed by a cannon in a bush. One gave up but was shot by townsfolk when he was running away. I did not like Donald Suther land; he kept swearing at Almighty Voice. It took 100 policemen to kill 3 Indians. Chief Dan George was acting as Sounding Sky. I really like the part when Almighty Voice smoked out Donald Suther land . He put grass in the stove pipe and it smoked him out. I felt very humble at the end of the show. Walter Desjarlais Age 10 NATIVE STUDENTDAYS !he Ind_ian Social Workers Education Program is sponsormg Native Student Days on May 24th & 25th in Saskatoon. These are for all High School, Technical or University students in Saskatoon. Plans Include: FRIDAY, MAY 24th NATIVE TALENT NIGHT INDIAN-METIS FRIENDSHIP CENTRE SASKATOON Cash prizes for contestants Admission: $1.00 per person - under 12 free SATURDAY, MAY 25th Ball Tournament and Weiner Roast Transportation will be supplied from lndian-Metis Friendship Centre to Tournament Students are encouraged to enter teams 9:00 P.M. Dance Friendship Centre, Admission $1.50 For more information: Peter Cote c/o Indian-Metis Friendship Centre Saskatoon April 1974 �Reviews Church schools "Savages" The harsh life of the old-time mission school and its attempt to rrde-Indianize" the Indian, subject of book. "Geniesh" is a recently released book by Jane Willis, a half-Cree Indian who grew up at Fort George in the James Bay area of Quebec. It is a personal story about Jane or Geniesh's life in residential school and her attempts to further her education. The author describes her early childhood with the grandparents who raised her. Geniesh experiences the good things in life and leads a carefree childhood. Her problems begin when she enters the local Anglican residential school. With shorn and Kerosene torial approaches of the school soaked hair and oversized clothes staff and Indian Affairs personGeniesh comes to the realization nel, Geniesh has difficulty reashe is an Indian. The staff treat lizing she is a person. She has the children as if they are someBy Donna Pinay thing less than human. The staff F.S.I. Reporter also does their thinking for them and governs their lives. Life learned to associate Indian with becomes rigid. There is a time inferiority. The predjudices of to eat, to wash, to go to the bathfellow white students only reinroom, to sleep, to play and to force this belief. talk. A summer visit home to Fort The children of this school, as George only adds to her confuin other residential schools, sion. For the first time in her of the time, were forbidden to life Geniesh sees the poverty speak their Native tongue and her people live in. She sees but told to forget their people's cannot accept many of the things teachings. They begin to regard she did as a child. She also rethe minister as a god. White ceives a marriage proposal from people are assumed to be superthe parehts of an eligible bachehuman. In their minds white lor but refuses. She does not people are germ-free, sin-free, want a life of endless child bearand lead lives of absolute pering and remaining in Fort George. fection. They are taught that She wants to complete her high their people are dirty, gullable, school and take nursing. and have very slight cha.nee of Geniesh returns to school but ever reaching heaven. can no longer stand the treatment With the sub-standard resishe receives at the residence. dential school education she has She takes employment as a maid to work hard to keep up with in a tourist camp and meets the other white students in her Bud Willis, the man she evenclass. Her hard work and detertually marries. In the fall she mination pay off and she attains completes a short dental assisan 'A' average. She is told she tant's course, realizes she must must set an example to other return to high school, and is students as well as the white denied help from Indian Affairs. people. And yet she is treated She then marries Bud. like a child without a mind. Jane Willis states that it took The author describes the conher years to overcome her many hangups about being an Indian. fusion and the misunderstanding She was told to make something she encounters while at school. After experiencing the dictaof herself and when she did not April 1974 they said "What do you expect from an Indian". The book is well-written. Jane Willis uses Cree dialogue but answers or narrates in such a way that one can understand what has been said. There is some humour in the book - mainly when she tells of past experiences as a child or as a bewildered teenager in the big city. It is a warm story and she mentions her family and the others at home quite regularly. Anyone who attended residential school will be able to identify with much of her story. And for those who do not understand why so many Indian students dropped out of school it should bring to light many of the injustices students had to put up with. For those who do not understand what religion or fear of God has done to the Indian, the minister's ways and means of Christianizing should be studied. It also shows how the people who "went to help the savages" treated the Indian people. Today the James Bay people are still living in a manner similar to what Janes Willis describes in her book. * The Saskatchewan Indian Page 41 �Sports Tourney at Battlef ords Gordon's downs Regina for Centre's 74 championship one of the more prolific goal North Battleford - Gordon's Goldenhawks carried away the 1974 scorers on the club. championship from the 9th Battleford ' s Friendship Centre's Annual AU-Native puck tourney by defeating Regina Native Metal 9-8 in the Frank Carriere put Regina championship final March 24 at Civic Centre . ahead at the 3:21 mark in the The two-day tournament involved 12 teams , 11 of them from second period to increase its centres in Saskatchewan, with the outside entry from Winterburn , lead. However , then the GoldenAlberta. hawk s at the 13:25 mark caught fire , scoring four unanswered tier who also collected an assist While Gordon ' s walked away goals in a five minute span , after in the game. with the tournament championthat it was Gordons all the way . August George, who is well ship, Mistawasis defeated Ile-aEach club scored twice in the known for his hockey exploits in la Crosse by a score of 16-2 to third period , with August George the North Battleford area , had win the consolation title. netting his third goal at the three goals and three assists by Archie King 10:38 mark for the qualizer forcfor the Regina team. Frank CarF .S.I. reporter ing the 10-minute overtime. riere, Clarence Norton, and Billy Mistawasis lost their first Joey Desjarlais scored on a Desjarlais each chipped in with game against Regina Native Meneat setup from Dennis Pelletier a goal and assist while George tal 5-1 to retire to the consolaat the 2: 52 mark to give Gordons Bellegarde and Alvin Norton tion side where they defeated the upper hand , but Regina equarounded out their attack. Winterburn 4-3 and Sturgeon Lake lized matters when George BelleRegina appeared enrou te to a 14-5 enroute to the final game. garde ' s hard shot found the mark rather easy victory . They outEric Pechawis scored five goals at 6: 11. High-flying Desjarlais scored Gordons 4-1 in the first to lead Mistawasis in the final connected again from close in period as they took advantage of win while teammates Joe Mike when he took Pelletier ' s lead the fact that the Goldenhawks scored four goals, Vern Johnpass and beat Ray Kaisowatun regular netminder was not with ston and Clarence Martain two with a well placed wrist shot on the club along with Charlie Cyr, (Continued next page) goals each and singles by Russel Ahenakew, Greg Wolfe, and Lester Ledoux. John Daigneault and Robbie Gardiner scored for Ile-a- la Crosse :· Gordons proved to be a powerful opponent in the tournament scoring a total of 28 goals in three ·· games .. Gordons defeated Buffalo Narrows 13-1 in the opener and went on to win 6-2 over Patuanak and 9-8 in overtime over Regina. Joey Desjarlais and Dennis Pelletier were the two big guns for the. winners . Joey , who finished as the tourney's leading scorer potted five goals including the winner while teammate Dennis came up with a seven-point performance including three goals. Their only other goal Gordons Goldenhawks, winners of All-Native Hockey Tournament. came off the stick of Ivan PellePage 42 The Sa skatchewan Indian April 1974 �Sports ( Continued) which the sprawling Regina goalie had no chance. It came at the 8:46 mark. Referee Bob Colliar assessed 9 of 11 minor penalties to Regina with each club getting one major as a result of a fight that broke out between Joey Desjarlais and Alvin Norton just after the winning goal had entered the net. This marked the third consecutive year the Gordons Goldenhawks have taken the championship. AWARDS Best goalie: Ray Kaisowatun , Regi1a Native Metal ; best defenceman: Roland Desjarla is, Gordon's Goldenhawks ; most gentlemanly player: Clarence Martain, Mistawasis ; high scorer , Joey Desjarlais , Gordon' s Goldenhawks , 11 goals , five assists); most valuable player: August George , Regina Native Metal. Molson' s Tournament All-Stars Goalie, Ray Kaisowatun , Regina Native Metal; defencemen , Roland Desjarlais , Gordon's Goldenhawks and Roy Atcheynum , Meadow Lake North Stars ; centre, Joey Desjarlais, Gordon's Goldenhawks ; forwards, Paul Dubray , Meadow Lake North Stars and Claren ce Norton , Regina Native Metal. Joey Desjarlasis, Gordons Goldenhawks, receiving a trophy for high scorer. SPORTS Commentary Questions have been asked as to the rules and regulations the Saskatchewan Indian Summer Games on August 16, 17, 18, 1974 at Cote Reserve will follow in each event. First of all who will compete in these events? Registered Saskatchewan Treaty Indian boys and girls who are of Bantam age are the only ones eligible in all but one event. The exception is Boxing. The Provincial regulations stipulate that the Bantam age group must be fourteen years of age as of December 31, 1973. In boxing Junior Open and Novice fighters will be able to compete. In Boxing there are only two kinds of age groups, the senior and junior . The junior must be 15 years of age or under on December 31, 1973. These are the rules and regulations applied by the Saskatchewan Amateur Boxing Association who will sanction the boxing events this summer . By the way, all events will be officiated by the Saskatchewan Provincial Amateur Sports Association. All events will be as neutral as possible . The track n' field events are: foot races, 50 meters, 100 meters , 200 meters , 400 mete r s, 800 meters, 1500 meters and the 400 meter relay race; running long jump, the triple jump , high jump, shot put,..javelin and discus. The Saskatchewan track n' field Association advised that everything should use the metric system of measures. It seems that all Track n' Fie ld Associations i.n Canada have adopted this world system. April 1974 by LLOYD BRASS Eacp. area will have their own playoffs in all these .events . Only the area winners of each event in the team sports will be represented. All area playoffs should be finished by July 26, 1974 with the results sent into the Cote Band Office in care of the Summer Games Committee. In Boxing all boxers will go through trials at the summer games . Area playoffs are not necessary. Due to a lack of funding by our governmental sources, the summer games committee agreed that there will be no A and B category as determined by population. The reason is the time allotted to play off all these games would take longer than the allotted three days. For example a six team round robin series for basketball itself alone is a total of 30 games. That means a total of 60 games for both boys and girls. · That's a lot of hours of basketball to go through if a regulation time limit is applied. All reserve representatives in the line of recreation are urged to attend a clinic to be held at Badgerville from June 10 to June 14, 1974. This clinic can be very valuable for learning the techniques of experts in the preparation of your athletes for the summer games. To avoid conflicts on the question of age and treaty numbers each athlete will be compelled to produce a treaty card. All the information is plainly written '>n these cards. You may get them through your nea re st Indian Affairs office. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 43 �Sports Hoopers glory in two day P.A. basketball tourney Prince Albert One of the finest exhibitions of basketball ever was recently staged in a senior men's basketball tournament at the Prince Albert Student Residence with five teams from Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan taking part in the competition. This is Warner Goodvoice, ·who helped organize the basketball tournament at the P.A. Student Residence According to Warner Goodvoice, who played for the team from the Prince Albert Indian and Metis Friendship Centre and who works at the Student Residence, "The quality of basketball was excellent, as was the sportsmanship. There was very little skippy basketball.'' Warner noted that the Molson Canadians from Saskatoon, who placed second in the Senior 'A' league finals in Saskatchewan, participated in the tournament, , placing third. "So you can see the quality of basketball it was," he said. There were some good individual efforts during . the games. Larry Smith from Cluny, Alberta, scored 124 points in four gamer and his team mate, Stan McMaster scored a total of 115 points in Page 44 The Saskatchewan Indian four games. Although there were many stars during the whole tournament, there were only so many trophies. For top scorer, the trophy went to Larry White of the Cluny team, who also took with him the Most Valuable Player Award. The Most Gentlemanly Player trophy was presented to Joe Naytowhow, who played for the team from the Prince Albert Indian-Me tis Friendship Centre. Top scorers for the Prince Albert Friendship team included Warner Goodvoice and Don Bird, placing well ahead in the top ten scorers category of the whole tournament. The team from Alberta emerged victorious claiming five out of nine trophies including the Championship trophy. The Prince Albert Coronets placed second, Molson Canadians third , the P.A. Friendship Centre fourth, and the Winnipeg Bucks finished last. Warner said that the team from Winnipeg gave a good accounting of themselves since they only had six players to play in four games in two days. The two-day tournament was sponsored and co-ordinated by the Prince Albert Indian Student Residence.* The snow was barely gone when the above children, of Lebret School, were playing baseball. April 1974 �Cl1l.rJUftlflG The Saskatchewan Indian's colouring contest is open to all Indian children in Saskatchewan 10 years of age and under. To enter simply colour the above picture with pencils, crayons or paints and send to: The Editor Saskatchewan Indian 1114 Central Avenue Prince Albert, Sask. Winners will be chosen by the Saskatchewan Indian Arts and Advisory Council. First Prize $50 Second Prize $30 Third Prize $15 �Sports Special guests attend Tribute to Paul John at La Ronge hockey banquet La Ronge - A hockey banquet , sponsored by the Lad La Ronge Band, was recently held in recognition of its team , the Kitsaki Bruins. It was also a tribute in memory of the late Paul John, who was one of the best playen of the team. by Joan Beatty F .S.I. reporter Paul John, better known as '' P J." was killed in a crash of the D.N .S. airplane he was piloting last December enroute from La Ronge to Cumberland House. Trophies were presented to various players of the team by Ray Ahenakew, Director of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians Sports and Recreation Program, by Chief Myles Venne, Mary ·Jane John, a sister of "P. J. ' s", and Mrs. Paul John. For the Best Defenceman trophy, Jonas Charles took the honours. Henry McKenzie was given the Best Forward Trophy. Top Scorer Award went to the Captain of the team , Art Roberts, and the most Valuable Player Award went to Russel Charles. The Most Gentlemanly Player Award which is now known as The Paul John Memorial Trophy, went to Solomon Charles and was presented by Mrs . Paul John. In a touching ceremony a beautiful plaque in memory and re cognition of ' ~P.J .'s" hockey talents , was presented by Mrs. Paul J ohn by Captain Art Roberts . Pe ter Ross, Master of Ceremonies for the evening, said P. J . wa s one of the best players the team had. "I know because I coached the team when he was playing," he said. According to Solomon Charles, Page 46 The Saskatcbewan Indian chairman of the La Ronge Recreation Committee , a hockey banquet will be held every year from now on. "Tr ophies will be awarded annually including the Paul John Memorial Trophy," he said. The trophies were donated by the Lac La Ronge Band. Solomon said the Kitsaki Bruins play exhibition games with teams mostly from the Prince Albert area which include Montreal Lake , Prince Albert, Southend Reindeer and Sturgeon Lake. "We made it to the FSI Semi- finals for area Four,'' he said. The delicious food served at the banquet was sponsored by the La Ronge Band and catered to by the new La Ronge Northland Hotel. Sam Hardlotte of La Ronge also added his talents to the evening by singing a few country and western songs. All in all, for being the first banquet held by the Recreation Committee, it was very successful and enjoyed by everyone who was there. ,Jt Golden Hawks take tour ney The Federa tion of Saskatchewan Indians Senior "A" hockey championship was won by the Gordon's Golden Hawks with a 7-3 win over the Fort A La Corne Raiders recentl y. The Game was played in the Badgerville Arena on the Cote Re serve before a di sap pointing crowd of 300 people . It was anticipated that at least 1,000 people would have shown up for the game . Dennis Pelletier and Charlie Cyr scored two goals each for the winners while Eddie Bitter nose, Lloyd McNab and Winston Gordon scored one each . Ron Burns scored two goals and Malcohn Constant one each for the Raiders. Lort-A La Corne recei ved 8 of the 13 penalties. The Most Sportsmanlik e award was won by the captain of the Golden Hawks, Dennis Pelletier . The game was one of reversals. In the first period Gordon's dominated the play and ended up with a 4-1 lead. However, it was James Smith's turn in the second period during which they scored two unanswered goals. The score was 4-3 in favor of Gordon's going into the third , period and at the fifty second mark Dennis Pelletier scored his second goal of the game and from that point on Gordon's were in command. The Golden Hawks scored two more goals off the stick of Cyarlie Cyr and held .their rivals scoreless in that period. This is the second time in the four year history of the Senior "A" playoffs that Gordon' .s have won the Senators Trophy.• April 1974 �Sports Mistawasis warriors heros at hand sponsored banquet The Mistawa sis Warriors finished the 1973 season winners of the Northern Lakes League , which consists of six teams. Our team wa s in fourth place but managed to beat the leaders , the Rabbit Lake team , who were in first place. The Shell Lake team was the next team we had to play to end the hockey season as winners. By Mrs. Marianne Johnston The Mistawasis Warriors consists of Team rep. John Duquette; Coach Secretary Treasurer Leonard Johnstone , Alvin Johnstone, Kenneth Johnstone , Ar thur Ledoux, George Daniels , Herby Daniels , Dean Watson , Grant Bird, Bill Badger , Harv Sanderson, Marcel Doquette , Garry Dreaver , Greg Wolf, Gilber t Ledoux and Eugene Ledoux. The last three were from a neighbouring re serve and were a big help to us. Vern Johnstone was vote most valuable player to his team by the teams of the Northern Lakes League. Eric Pechawis was a great help all season making phone calls and getting exhibitions games to help keep our team in shape. that love hockey and that are proud of their team. The Mistawasis hall was lovely decorated and plaques were given to all the hockey players. Clifford Starr , Boris Sidorick , President of the Northern Lakes League , Anglican minister Rev . Hawe were a few of the invited guests that came to the banquet and who helped make it a success. I, personally would like to thank everyone - Shellbrook merchants, The Mistawasis Warriors, honoured recently by their band at a banquet and dance in the Mistawasis Hall. Boris Sidorick, President of Northern Lakes League, brings congratulations to Mistawasis. April 1974 Calvin Sand was also a big help by taking passengers to our games and cheering our team on to winning the series. Eric Pechawis , Leonard Johnstone and Elmer ·Badger will all be returning next hockey season . The Warriors wound up the season with a Dine and Dance Banquet made by interested women M&S Hardware, Macleods, IGA and Shellbrook Cafe for donating $5.00 each , and Mr. and Mrs. Belyk from Leask for donating towards our hockey club. I would also like to thank all the people that came to our banquet, from the reserve , Leask, Spiritwood, Prince Albert and Sturgeon Lake,. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 47 �Sports Muskeg Lak~e victorious in Provincial championships Gil Ledoux with a hat trick and 2 assists sparked the Muskeg Lake Blues to an 8-6 victory over Little Black Bear on Saturday, April 5 to win the F.S.I. Senior B. Prov. Championships at Fort Qu' Appelle Arena. By Ivan McNab Moccassin Telegraph Eugene Arcand of Muskey Lake opened the scoring race at the 9: 43 mark of the first period and less than 2 minutes later Roy Sanderson made it 2-0 for Muskeg withhisgoalatll:12 mark. Little Black Bear fought right back with 2 quick goals at 15:20 and 16:17 mark scored by Gilbert Bellegarde and Danny Bellegarde respectively. Then Gil Ledoux got his first goal on the way to his hat trick at the 18:10 mark to close out the scoring in the first period. The second period opened fast with Little Black Bear tieing the score 3-3 with a goal by Chuck Bellegarde at 1:23. Vern Bellegarde made 4-3 with a power play goal at 7:41 while Leonard Le- Gregory Wolf, captain of Muskeg Lake Blues, receives trophy. Page 48 The Saskatchewan Indian Muskeg Lake Blues, winners of Senior B Provincial Championships. doux sat out a 2 minute tripping penalty. 3rd goal of the game to close out the 3rd period scoring. Little Black Bear really put Muskey Lake tied up the score the pressure on in the dying 4-4 with a power play goal by minutes of the period but were Myles Arcand at 11:42 with Vern unable to score on Goalie Wayne Bellegarde sitting out a 2 minute Lafond of Muskeg Lake, who tripping call. Greg Wolfe closed out the scor- . put on a brilliant performance. Referee Jim Stewart handed ing in the second period with out a total of 11 minor penalties, counters at the 14:15 and 15:35 7 to Little Black Bear and 4 mark. Score after 2 full periods to Muskeg Lake. of play; Muskey Lake Blues - 6, Top point getters of the game Little Black Bear - 4. were Gil Ledoux with 3 goals At the 4: 42 mark of the 3rd and 2 assists and Greg Wolfe period Gil Ledoux scored unaswith 2 goals and 3 assists for sisted, to make it 7-4 for Muskeg Muskeg Lake and Vern BelleLake, his second goal of the game . garde with 2 goals and 2 assiThe teams were playing 5 asts for Little Black Bear. side, when Vern Bellegarde Top scorer award went to Gil scorded Little Black Bear's 5th marker · af 6:06. At 10:°24 wfih Ledoux for his hat trick and, the Most Valuable Player award Roy Sanderson of Muskeg Lake went to team-mate Greg Wolf~ sitting out a 2 minute interference of the Muskeg Lake Blues. call, Little Black Bear's Alex Final score in the F.S.I. Sr. Bellegarde scored a power play B. Provincial Championships was goal, to pull within one goal of Muskeg Lake Blues 8. Little Muskey Lake ' ( 7-6). Then at Black Bear 6. Congratulations.• 12:44 Gil Ledoux popped in his April 1974 �Sketeh Essay sketch es by Warner Goodvoice P.A.S. R . ch i ld car e work er Active sports life for kids Artist Warner Good voice takes a look at the Sports and Recreation Program offered at the PrinceAlbert Student Residence. The Prince Albert Student Residence, home for about 380 children from northern Saskatchewan during the school year, gives high priority to its Sports and Recreation program. Since control of the residence was taken over by the Prince Albert District Chief's Council more than a year. ago, the sports and recreation program has been expanding and improving both in terms of quantity and quality. The residence boasts the biggest gymnasium in Prince Albert, and over the past year it was given a complete inside renovation, .including re-tiling of the floor and an upgraded lighting system. Plans now call for the outside of the building to be given a complete renovation. April 1974 With their gymnasium, baseball diamond and sports ground, wintertaime hockey rink , and lots of open ground in the area , the residence mounts an active sports and recreation program that includes basketball , volleyball, hockey, soccer , track and field and cross-country running. The athletes they produce have in the last year alone taken U first place trophies in competition at the provincial level. In the following pages artist Warner Goodvoice, a child care worker who takes an active part in the sports and recreation program at the residence, offers a sketch sample of the activities organized for the children there. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 49 �Sketeh Essay In addition to Volleyball teams competing on the provincial level, the residence has an intermural league organized with teams in the Squirt, Midget , Pee Wee and Bantam levels. Most games are played within the spacious confines of the residence 's gymnasium. The gym was originally an army drill hall built during the second World War. �~ket~h . ~. Essay ~ .. ' Floor Hockey is only one of many games played in the residence's huge gymnasium. The residence is justly famous for the quality of its basketball players, having produced a number of provincial champions at a variety of levels. April 1974 The Saskatchewan Indian Page 51 �Sket~h Essay v./.E ?,no ht/rc:,i c;;"i:.. /;u; An outdoor sports grounds provides space for soccer events as well as baseball and track and field events. Open area around the residence provides lots of ""running room". Page 52 The Saskatchewan Indian April 1974 �Personal it~ "The more you save , the more you make, the better" reflects the motto of this young Indian handicraft dealer in La Ronge. Henry Roberts of La Ronge is the manager of the La Ronge Northern Indian Handicraft Centre. The handicraft store is a copera tive consisting of Indian people in northern Saskatchewan. "The membership fee is 25¢ per person," Henry said. The handicrafts include beaded lea- Wherever this lady may decide to show up, most people, especially the children that attend and have attended the Prince Albert Indian Student Residence, will recognize her right away. Yvonne Seesequasis is one of the Education Liaison Workers for the P.A. Student Residence working with the Sturgeon Lake, and the Lac La Ronge Bands. She was a Child Care Worker in Whitehorse for a coupld of years and five . years at the P.A. Student Residence . "My work includes going out to the reserves , visiting the parents , informating them how their children are doing, as well as trying to help the children here at the residence who may be having problems," she said. Yvonne said one of the biggest problems at the residence is the children often get lonely for their moms and dads. Everytime this 'New York Ranger' fan is around Otter Lake, Stanley Mission or any of the surrounding reserves in La Ronge , you will usually find him making bets on the New York Rangers to win the Stanley Cup. Jonas Charles cannot make his living this way so he is also employed as the Welfare Band Whenever an interpretor is needed, when a problem arises within one of the three Chipewyan Indian Bands in the Lake Athabasca area, or when someone requires advice or recommendation regarding the area, or about the local people, one name always seems to emerge above everyone elses. That's Matthew Yooya. April 1974 ther jackets, mukluks, moccasins with beadwork, beaded brouches and necklaces," almost anything you can think of'', he said. Henry said he deals with retail stores that include Eatons' stores, the Bay stores, Simpson Sears, and a large customer is the Indian Arts & Crafts Central ··Marketing Service in Ottawa. For some of the most beau tiful Indian handicrafts in Saskatchewan go see the Centre at La Ronge and deal with Henry. Administrator of the Lac La Ronge Band. He's been working in La Ronge for about a year and says he enjoys the work. "I get into a lot of trouble sometimes though," he said. Jonas is married and he and his wife are expecting their first child any time now. Acting as Band Administrator for the Fond du Lac, Stony Rapids , and La la Hache Indian Bands, Matthew is kept very busy directing band affairs and maintaining an office at Stony Rapids. He is also a field officer for the Department of Indian Affairs. Matthew and his family reside at Stony Rapids. The Saskatchewan Indian Pa~e 53 �• -.. When a man ventures out in the light of a full moon, he must not be surprised by what he encounters. The young Indian brave came out of his teepee and stood outside it's front section quite still, listening. Behind him, the fire-light glowed lightly inside the teepee. His spears and hunting equipment were neat and orderly in their places, and his woman talked soothingly to the retiring baby. In front of him, the lake stretched dark and silent, one of the countless lakes in the area that was bordered by a great forest. It was early in the full moon. The night was breathless; summer's fragrance was still evident on the land and in the atmosphere. The brave moved forward some paces and stood along the lake. Somewhere out in the darkness a wolf howled its mournfup hunting dry. Driven with hunger, the wolves will be on the move and hunting more often now, he thought. They will not remain in one place, but an experienced hunter could forsee the trails they would be hunting on and following. In the light of the fresh full moon, a skilled hunter with a spear might take half-a-dozen in a night's work, and half-a-dozen wolves would bring good prices at the trading post. Decided now, the brave turned abruptly and went into the teepee where his hunting spears stood. He was in his mid-twenties, wide shouldered and strong. He was in his prime of life. He had to hunt for a living, for he was now a young man with great responsibilities. He had a young wife and a Page 54 The Saskatchewan Indian child to support. . He preferred to hunt alone at night. He liked the loneliness and the labour of, it. He 1ike the clean taste and feel of fresh air in his lungs. He liked the arching preparation of his body and the ten pounds ·of stell and . wood in his hand against the cold of the night. A Short Story By Ben Cote · He liked paying hi~ respects to the Great Spirit before each hunt for the game he would kill and use. He liked all that because he found in it a reality. There was no conscious cruelty in the way he felt. It was the way the Great Spirit h_ad willed things in the beginning. The young brave lifted the spear carefully and .studied it will a smile. It was sharp and it woµld handle the task tonight. He would not go far, he told himself. Just to the other side of the lake. The solves had a way of travelling along the lake in the light of the· full moon. He moved off quietly ·and mingled easily with the forest trails for a couple of miles, letting the smaller animals tha:t were easily alarmed grow accustomed to his presence. Somewhere along the lake, just ahead , a moose snorted in alarm. The brave srriiled; moose were his friends. Once, fishing in the lake in his canoe he had seen a cow moose with her young calf attempt to swim the wide lake. He had hoisted the tired young calf aboard and placed it by his feet in the canoe, April 1974 �where the calf had looked around puzzled and unhappy. The Mother had sum alongside the canoe and around the canoe, nudging the stout birch with her head until the brave felt sorry for her and let the baby calf go back into the water to swim by its Mother's side. The young brave hefted the spear again, tested it for balance. It was a good spear, steel and oak. He had carved the steel spear head and ten foot oak carefully, making sure there was no rough spots. A deformed spear, he knew would spoil his throw. The spear measured thirteen feet and could, if thrown accurately, bring down a full grown buffalo. The night was lit by the moon. The stars looked bright and glossy. Southward, the wolves were now coming, driving their intended victim ahead of them. To the brave's left were the tangled roots of a swamp and a lot of brush; to his right the open waters of the lake. Most of the lake's shores were shallow, except for the places where the beaver made deep channels. The brave could not yet think of what the wolves were after, but he knew, from their howls of aggression it was probably a deer. The grave moved forward some yards and waited for the wolves. For some time he saited, then some forty yards straight ahead of· him, he saw a deer flash by at a terrific pace. Sudden terror Suddenly a white creature caught his eye some sixty yards to his left. For some time he observed the creature, as he waited for the solves, trying to figure out what it could be. It was too large for a wolf, or the common black bear. The creature vanished into the brush as the wolves came closer still hot on the deer's trail. Then some thirty yards ahead of him he saw the creature break brush again, he recognized it this time - a big white bear, close to one thousand pounds. For a moment, it stopped and stood gleaming white in the moonlight, then it vanished into the brush again. The.brave stood up quickly with excitementthere was a creature with a pelt worth more than the wolves he was after. He picked up the spear, raised it to his shoulder, gripped it strongly with his hand. He held his free hand agead of him so that he could balance himself for a powerful throw. He made sure his feet were planted solidly apart. Then, he waited for the white bear to appear again. He had forgotten the wolves now. He waited for the white bear, feeling the tension of his wait, and the fierce exhilaration of.his moment of ambush; the desire to capture and kill the white bear. With suddenness, the huge white bear broke brush again, and was some twenty yards to the brave' s left. The brave swung the heavy spear back, twisting April 1974 his body and bending his knees to get more power in his throw. His body and arm shot forward, his hand releasing the spear then moving a seond longer with his body in order to regain his balance. But he had shifted his feet slightly and made his throw off balance. He saw the spear shoot forward, a deadly missle, and penetrate the bear in the hind quarter. The swamp exploded around him. In a frenzy of deep raging roars, flying weeds and moss, the great white bear shot forward like a huge white missle for the brave. Flashin~ white fangs As the bear made -his charge, the brave saw the length of his spear inbedded deeply, with a red blotch of blood marking the wounded area and he knew in the split second in which thought was' still possible, that there was certain death in those flashing white paws and that snout full of flashing white fangs. The brave gave a challenging dry as he pulled out his knife and side-stepped the rushing mad bear, but he was not fast enough. The bear grazed him and he hit the ground head first and felt himself bounce along as he plowed a furrow in the moss and weeds for some feet. The brave regained his feet quickly ~nd eyed the great white bear who was again preparing to charge. It was not the great white bear from the far north but a grizzly - a rare specimen. It was close to te~ feet from head to tail, and it weighed less than the one thousand pounds he had earlier estimated. The bear charged. The brave met ·the charge and into the brush and out again into the open they fought. The huge white bear gleaming brightly white as it twisted its head and body in a frantic effort to crush the small brave who had challenged bi's right to life. Into the water they fought, and choking and gasping the brave struggled for a foothold on the slimy bottom of the lake. Sucking in great gulps of air, he fought bravely and gallantly for his life, for the bear was far superior in terms of strength. With a thunderous splash they both went underwater, the flexible brave following the bear' s every m.ovement, driving his knife deep, impeding the bear hardly. Although the young brave weighed only one·hundred and seventy pounds, he now found the desperate strength that comes from looking into the fierce eyes of a creature who wanted to kill him. It was a one-sided fight, with one swipe the bear lifted the brave clear off the water and with another swipe straightened out the brave's bent body in midair. As he went underwater, the brave was revived. Desperately he dug the fingers of his left hand into the bear's white fur, felt them tighten in a hold. He tried to raise his head above the water, but he could not get it clear. Torrents of water choked him as he felt the angry bear tear into his body with slashing bites. His eyes were of no use to him in the foam(Continued next page) The Saskatchewan Indian Page 55 �( Continued) streaked blackness. He closed them tight, and at once a recall sequence of pictures flashed through his mind. He saw his wife and their . infant son; his infant son sleeping, and his wife sewing and patiently waiting his return from the hunt. He saw the wolves he had speared from ambush in past hunts, gasping away their lives on their wild hunting trails. He saw all these and many others in the recall of his mind as he fought silently and bravely for his life. The brave had fought with the bear for some time now and something in his being told him quite calmly that' he would not last much longer. This thought spurred the brave to desperate efforts for survival. He reached up and caught the bear in the throat with the knife. This did not disturb the bear, with powerful swipes of his great paws, the bear_ tore the flesh on the brave' s body to shreds. Many times, the brave hurled himself against the bear with all his strength. Stabbing and slashing the bear's eyes, hoping that something would give. The flesh on the brave' s body was badly ripped and torn. He was near defeat, but his will to live was strong. Brave finds spiritual being The bear swiped powerfully : lifting ·the brave high above the water with each swipe, then lunging in with powerful snapping bites. The bear subsided, then dragged the brave toward the shore pushing a sullen wave in front of him. The moose had fed well on this night, and was in no hurry. He was a peaceful animal, and he had intentions of having a drink before he retired for the night. He had no quarrel with any of the forest dwelling creatures; except the wolf; but he feare~ no one else in the great forest. When the great_ white be~r came rushing , blindly and unavoidable with a man m his jaws, the moose side-stepped quickl~ and struck the bear with his massive rack. The stnke descended on the bear's wounded side with a thundering crack. The strike would have broken an ordinary bear' s back, but it only stunned the great bear who veered wildly and let the man drop from his jaws in order to escape more punishment. The brave in his semi-conscious state had heard the tremendous force the moose had struck the bear with. He fell now into the water where the coldness revived him enough that he could crawl - to shore. Some distance away in the brush he heard the great white bear crashingly fade away into the distant darkness. The brave raised himself slowly and looked homeward. Earlier the acceptance of certain death had done something to his spiritual being. He could t~ink spiritually now, and he knew with absolute certam~y that if he was to get home in his weakened state, 1t would have to be based on the one faculty that the Great Spirit had given the Indian to his pre-eminence above all the creatures. The faculty of spiritual Page 56 The Saskatchewan Indian comm uni cation. Only by using this method ~ould_t~e brav~ possibly survive, and he called on his spmtu~l bemg for a solution, and it responded. Ahead of him he saw ~h_e moose standing. With a prayer to the Great Spmt and a voice not his own he summoned the moose. The moose snorted once and came toward the brave , hesitantly at first, then it quickened its pace. The brave took a deep breath and climbed aboard the mooses' back. Slowly and carefully the moose moved in the direction of the brave' s teepee. The brave relaxed some and high above he saw the light )f the fall moon. Calm and serene it looked. Slowly md painfully the brave climbed off the moose some yards from his teepee. He again spoke to the moose .n a voice not his own. They parted company quietly, the m?ose going ba_ck to the wilderness and the brave walkmg slowly with )ain for his teepee. The brave knew one thing now 1e would hunt the forest creatures with more respect n the future, and hunt only those creatures he had laid his respects tm the Great Spirit to hunt for.~ CAR BINGO THURSDAY, MAY 9, 1974 7:00 P.M. at the BEARDY'S SPORTS GROUNDS Master Cards Extra Cards $1.00 SO<; 12 GAMES 11 Games Cash or Merchandise and the Final Game for 1969 PLYMOUTH ALL PROCEEDS FOR THE INDIAN SUMMER GAMES AT COTE RESERVE IN AUGUST Sponsored by Beardy's Recreation Board in conjunction with the Beardy' s Band Council. SPONSORED BY BEARDY'S RECREATION BOARD IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE BEARDY'S BAND COUN4 April 1974 �ehiefs profile Quarter century • Ill top job Everything runs smooth on John Smith Reserve with one exception - the chief has only his one wife. . I walked into the John Smith Band Office for the first time in my !ife re_cently_ , not reall_y knowing what to expect. I had come to do an mtervi~w with ~he Chief of the reserve but I didn't have a clue what the Chief was hke or what he looked like. I noticed a man bent over an office desk signing some papers and making remarks as he studied them. I announced why I was there and was immedia tely told this was Chief Andrew Bear. BY JOAN BEATTY F .S.I. Reporter He looked up and smiled saying he would be glad to do an interview with me. During our conversation I found out Andrew Bear has been Chief of the John Smith Reserve for about 24 years. He was voted in on the first election ever held on the reserve , around 1950. " Before the elective system was introduced on the reserve, the traditional hereditary system was used, " he said. Chief Bear has lived on the reserve all of his life and considers himself a 'jack-of-alltrades'. "For a number of years , I farmed here on the re serve, I was a blacksmith , and a carpenter," he said. To top all this, the Chief is also a layreader with the Anglican Church. The Chief has five boys and three girls with the oldest boy a partner with him on the Band Council. "The rest of them are still at home going to school," he said. I asked him if he was in the last World War. " I made it as far as Prince Albert. They made me streak naked around the place and I was immediately turned down and sent home ," he said laughingly. Chief Andrew Bear received April 1974 his education on the reserve. "I got as far as the grade seven level then quit to go to work," he said. The Chief has four councillors as well as a five member band staff. " We handle most of our programs ourselves," he said. "Th ey include welfare , housing, recreation, roads, water and sewer, and a band farm." The Chief said local people are hired to work on the different programs and the band office staff is all local people. Some of the Chief's and his council's future plans include building a golf course, a club house, and a ski-doo or snowmobile trail. "We also plan to have another rodeo sometime this summer,'' the Chief said. He mentioned there will be a pow-wow held on the reserve this summer. "I enjoy dancing myself and I usually take in all the pow-wows held in the area,'' the Chief said. "To sum it all up, everything is going pretty smoothly on our reserve with only one exception," the Chief said. He proceeded to dare me to print the following: "There is only one problem I have and that is I can only have one wife and I would like about three of them,'' he said. With this remark, I informed him that I would be back to cover his divorce proceedings probably in the near future.• Chief Andrew Bear of the John Smith Reserve. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 57 �Cultural College College re-organizes College Board expanded, add Management Committee The Saskatchewan Indian Cultural College recently restructured its organization to include a board of directors, a management committee and the division of services and programs into five different units. The board of directors for the Cultural College will now include the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians Executive Council and the twelve representatives of the district Chief's councils. The board will set objectives, arrange funding, and take part in the programming and review College policies and courses. The management committee in the education of themselves will be responsible for the proand their children. gress, proposals and budget exResearch and Curriculum Dependitures. Also included in their velopment has a large task to responsibilities are the terminaperform. They are responsible tion or modification of programs, for the development of original recommendations to the Board Indian literature, teaching mathe granting of diplomas or cer~ terials and the requested research tificates and setting the academic of band councils. The ¾educators standards of the College. The of Indian children need every management committee consists available resource material, curof four members: one from the riculum guidelines and suppleFederation of Saskatchewan In- ments. This units is coordinated dians, one representative from by Paul Olinski. Indian Affairs, a community memSmith Atimoyoo has been diber, and the director of the Col- recting the Cultural Centre since lege. Jack Sikand is director and Alec Greyeyes is working as administrator. All programs and services have been channelled into five different units: EducaLibrarians are kept busy tion Liaison, Research and Curcompiling material as well riculum Development , Library and Technical Services, the Culas cataloguing it. tural Centre, and the largest wing, Academic Services. The Education Liaison Program acts as its name suggests. With six workers under the direction of John McLeod, the program is responsible for the communication between the College and other educational institutions and the people at the community level. The workers are stationed throughout the province and are there to keep people informed on educational matters as well as to encourage and assist the people in taking meaningful roles Page 58 The Saskatchewan Indian its beginning and was instrumen-1 tal in starting the elders workshops. For the past few years Smith has been holding informal workshops with elders from the province who relate history, personal experiences , and the folklore of their people . This information is to be used by those interested and by other College departments . Smith has six fieldworkers situated throughout the province. Library and Technical Services covers three programs of the College. The library has been collecting all types of materials including books, journals, magazines, records and filmstrips related to Indian people. Librarian Dave Sparvier and his four assistants are kept busy compiling the materials as well as cataloging it. The library services will soon be available to all �Cultural College people who require mate_rials for educational or recreat10nal purposes. Audio-visual team Audio-Visual services has -been in operation for some time. George Peeace is responsible for recording all conferences , band . events and other happenings that need coverage. A team consisting of five people was recently trained .in the skills and knowledge reqmred to do audio-visual productions. " The Eagle Cry" and "The Hand Game " have been completed and at present they are working on a College documentary . Future pla~s include a production about Sar am Stump's book "There is My People Sleeping" and " The Battle of Cutknif e Hill". Understandably so, the acade mic wing is the largest unit of the College. At present there are seven different programs in this unit. The Indian Teacher Education Program under the direction of Cecil King began in February , 1973 and now has an enrollment of over fifty students . About twenty students are enrolled in university taking the necessary classes for the first year of a Standard "A" Teaching Certificate. The remaining students are enrolled in an orientation and began taking classes in January . They will soon begin taking regular classes in May. I.T.E.P. takes two and a half years to complete and is , in many ways , more relevant to Indian children ' s needs than the regular teacher certification pro gram. The first students ar e expected to be in the schools teach ing in April , 1975. Social workers train The Indian Scoial Worker ~d.uca tion Program is training about twenty students in the many ar~as of social work. After completio n of this ten month course which began in February , the social workers will be assisting the Indian community in the areas of April 1974 family counselling , community development, recreation and hospital work. . . Indian Art started as a v1s1tation program to schools. Sarain Stump , Indian Art coordinator and accomplis'hed arti st, went to as many schools as possible explaining and illustrating Indian Art as well as encouraging the students to develop their own artistic talents. The need and demand for Indian people to continue this service has prompted the development of such a course. "Indian Art Experience '74" began in February and there are presently eleven students who will become instructors in Indian schools. They are studying the history of Indian art as well as that of other culture s and are trained in the many different art techniques such as beadwork , potter y, and painting. Education in field Osborne Turner and Jeremy Hull work cooperatively in the Community Education Program. The objectives of the program include the development and establishme nt of programs for people of the Indian community. Included in the community education field are upgrading classes , life skills courses , band administration , bus driver training, leadership training , R.C .M.P. in-service training and others . It is the objective of community education to establish and assist people in developing programs to meet their needs. Established to encourage the development of Indian music and to help young talented Indian people further their careers is the Indian Music Program under the direction of Winston Wuttunee , a very talented musician . W_in ston, with the help of Maunce McCarthur, has been visiting schools since last September, singing and playing for the student s. The y were encouraged to tr y differ ent inst ruments and sing along with Winston and Maur ice . Workshops and sem- inars will be held to encourage and interest young people in the development of themselves into skilled musicians. The Music program is also responsible to compose and develop songs for Indian people. Several have been done and these have proven to be very popular with audiences ., Upgrading program The Child Care workers , teac her aides , counsellor technicians and teachers of Indian students will soon have training programs available to them. These workers have expressed a desire to have programs to upgrade and impro~e their skills. These classes will include Indian histor y and culture , language instruction , contempo rary Indian studies , curriculum development , the use of resource materials in the classroom and many others. Indian Studies is planned to offer university accredited courses in the area of culture , history, law , politics , and others. Th~se classes , now in the planning stages , will lead to degrees in Indian Studies. Si~ce its beginning the Saska tchewan Indian Cultural College has proven itself to be an Indian educational institution of high standards. It has fast become one of the best Indian cultural colleges in Canada and yet it is comparatively young. It will continue to prove itself in the future . See next three pages for schematic diagram of college re-organization. The Saskatchewan Indian Page 59 �Management Committee ( 4 members : F .S.I . representative , I.A.B. representative , Communit y at Large representative , Director of College. ) - Evaluate prog res s of specific programs. Study proposals for establishment of new programs , termination or modification of exi sting programs and recommendations to Board of Directors . --,--Grant certificates , diploma s and se t academic standards of college. - Study college budge t and examine expenditures . ,, , College Director , Education Liason - Make it possible for Indian education to develop in style and tradition of Indian culture . - Help Indian communities make education more relevant to needs of Indian children. - Enable Indian people assert a role of active participation in developmen t of educational policies and progra m s. - Help establish comm uni cation between Indian comm uni tie s and various agencies dealing with edu cation of Indian children . Page 60 The S.:.skatchewan Indurn Research and Curriculum Development - Develop authentic literature on various aspects of Indian culture. - Develop teaching materials on Indian culture and history for classroom use . - Perform research in education as required by bani councils. April 1974 ,.',' :fa �Cultural College Board of Directors 1 Executive council & district representatives atchewan Indians - 12 member s) - of the Federation of Sask- Set objectives of college. Determine nature of program s and policie s. Arrange for adequate financing of colleg e . Periodic review of programm s . •• Administration 1 Administrator , Accountatn s a nd Secretarial staff . l - lCulturaI Centre - Interpret Indian culture to younger generation of Indians , and non-Indians customs, religion , music , folk tales , etc. - Gather all possible material and information pertaining to various aspects of Indian culture. - Hold workshops with Indian elders and young people to enhance understanding of Indian culture. - A C a Library and Technical Services - Collect and catalogue inform a tion pertaining to Indian language s. history and culture. - Produce audio-vi sual materials for schools; training workshops. adult education , and material s that have entertainment and education value to Indian communities a s a wholle . w d nI e m g I C SEE NEXT PAGE April 1974 The Saskatchewan Indian Page 61 �I.T.E.P. - Training of Indian teachers so native children are taught by people who understand them. - Training courses geared to problems and interests of Indian communities in Saskatchewan. Social Work Education - Training of Indians as social workers . - Trai ning taskes into consideration Indian traditions , mode of life, as well as problems and aspi rations unique to our people . - Social workers to assi st band councils in commu nit y development, work wit h families, in re creati on centr es hospitil s, e tc . Indian Music . - Help talented young Indians to develop into skilled musicians. - Encourage in the development of Indian music - composition of new songs, new melodies, etc. I Community Education Academic Wing Indian Art - Have workshops in elementary and secondary schools to help Indian children know about Indian art; techniques, materials , philosophical principles , etc. - Training program for Indian art instructors so that our children are taught by qualified Indians who can give the subject a spirit of authenticity. Page 62 ThP ~a,.katc>newanIndian Indian Studies - Teach a numbe r of universit y acc redited courses in the area of Indian culture, history , politics, law, etc . These courses will form the basis of an undergraduate degree with major in Indian studies. - Analyze educa. tion and cultural needs of Indian communities and estab lish relevant programs, e.g. upgrading, life skills , administration, leadership , creative writing workshops, R. C.M.P. in service training, Indian festival of the arts etc. Training Programs Training programs at university level also being prepared for child care workers, counsellor technicians, administrators, and teachers teaching in Federal schools. April 1974 �Job · <!&pportunitttte5 ~la55ifteb ~b5 ........... . JOB TITLE - Assistant Agricultural Representative Indian Reserves Nor th Battleford - 1 position - Yorkton - 2 positions DUTIES - To work directly under the District Agricultural Representative - Indian Reserves towards developing a well balanced Agricultural Extension program with emphasis in the following areas: - Provide advisory services and technical information to Indian farmers and band project officials in livestock production , cereal and forage crop production , land use, farm machinery , buildings , and farm management including use of credit and farm accounting. - Provide information to Band Councils and individual farmers on Agricultural Development Policies and programs under the Department of Indian Affairs and other agencies. - Assist with youth development programs including 4-H. QUALIFICATIONS - Farm experience and training, preferably with education at the high school level that would allow future formal training at the University level. - Ability to work with, discuss and relate problems with other people involved with various programs and resource people including professional agrologists . - Free to travel in the assigned districts and available to start June 3rd, 1974. - Ability to speak a native language a pr eference. SALARY - $676.00 per month - with university tr aining ( specialized courses, diploma or degree course training in agriculture. - $600.00 per month - with farm experience and eligible for advanced formal training . DEADLINE FOR - May 15th, 1974. Apply in writing with APPLICATIONS full par ticulars in your resume including experience , education, training courses, employment and references ,etc . APPLY TO - Murdock MacKay , Agricultural Specialist ( Acting Co-ordinator), Land Titles Building , Department of Agriculture , Prince Albert , Sask. S6V 183. HEADQUARTERS - April 1974 FREE confidential Birth Control Information. Drop in, phone or write Number 103-1114 Central· Avenue~ Prince Albert, Sask. · 763-2535. Native people in Saskatoon an surrounding areas are invited to participate in activities such as sports and cultural classes. The Indian-Metis Friendship Centre , 310 - 20th St. West , Saskatoon. Phone 244-0174. An authentic bear claw necklace for a reasonable price . Contact Lucille Bell , o/ o F.S.I. , 1715 South Railway Street, Regina. Phone 525-9842. WANTED - Former U. of S. students of Saskatoon Campus to form a team to play in Native Student Tournament in May. Contact : Donna Pinay , Saskatoon, 374-1328. WANTED - NOTE: - The Saskatchewan Indian is adding a classified ad section it its newpaper . . Classified ads up to a maximum of 25 words will be run free of charge for any Treaty or Regis- . tered Saskatchewan Indian. Ads over 25 words will be charged at a rate of 15 cents for each additional word . Classified ads for non-Indians will be accepted at a rate of five cents each word up to a maximum of 25 words and 15 cents each for any additional words. If you would like your classified ad in the newspaper send it to: EDITOR'S The Editor Sa ska tchewan Indian, 1114 Central Avenue, Prince Albe rt , Sask. The Saskatche wan Indian Page 63 �CKRM CJGX CJVR CKBI CJNB 0 8:00 6:00 :00 00 p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saskatchewan Indian Magazine Subject The topic of the resource First Nations--Saskatchewan--Periodicals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970/2011 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saskatchewan 1970/2011 Description An account of the resource The <em>Saskatchewan Indian</em> was the official publication of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations and served as an effective communication vehicle for the First Nations in the province of Saskatchewan between 1970-2011. It provided coverage of people, issues and events both entertaining and informative throughout First Nation communities. The magazine was distributed to all First Nation communities in Saskatchewan and to all First Nation groups, organizations and institutions throughout the duration of its publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre<br />#305 - 2555 Grasswood Road East<br />Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7T-0K1<br /><br />Phone: (306) 244-1146<br />Email: library.services@sicc.sk.ca<br />Website: <a href="https://www.sicc.sk.ca/" target="_blank" title="Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sicc.sk.ca/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Magazine Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saskatchewan Indian, vol. 4, no. 4 (April 1974) Subject The topic of the resource First Nations--Saskatchewan--Periodicals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Scott, Richard Beatty, Joan Pinay, Donna King, Archie Bell, Lucille Ahenakew, David Starblanket, Noel Starr, Cliff Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saskatchewan 1974-04 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Letters to the editor Editorial: Hunting issues Faulkner Tells Conference: Indians - Metis Must Unite For Communications Funding By: FSIN The Indian Artists Of Saskatchewan By: FSIN Church Schools Savages By: Donna Pinay The harsh life of the old-time mission school and its attempt to "de-Indianize" the Indian, subject of book. Allen Sapp English River Dene Nation First Nations Artists George Gordon First Nation Henry Beaudry James Smith Cree Nation Kinistin Saulteaux Nation Mistawasis Nêhiyawak Montreal Lake Cree Nation Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head-Lean Man First Nations Muskeg Lake Cree Nation Nakoda stories Piapot First Nation Ray McCallum Star Blanket Cree Nation Sturgeon Lake First Nation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Saskatchewan First Nation's oral history Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre #305 - 2555 Grasswood Road East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7T-0K1 Phone: (306) 244-1146 Email: library.services@sicc.sk.ca Website: https://www.sicc.sk.ca/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972/2007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saskatchewan 1972/2007 Language A language of the resource English Plains Cree Swampy Cree Woodland Cree Saulteaux Dene Dakota Nakota Lakota Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Voices of: Walter Poorman, Poorman's, Harry Desjarlais, Meadow Lake, John Lone Thunder, White Bear, George Mantee, Regina, Edward Fox, Sweetgrass, John Moosomin, Mosquito, Joe Machiskinic, Poorman's. Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Story con't (00:00-00:06) Story: "Atim-ka-mihkosit" Sundance, (00:06-00:11) Story: "Piapot" scouting party, hide in a cave to survive an attack, (00:11-00:23) Story: "Wasko-keseyen" scouting party (00:23-00:50) story con't (00:00-00:13) Story: Hunting party, (00:13-00:25). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Legends & Storytelling Cree & Saulteaux part 3/6 [Audio] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-03-26 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Poorman, Walter Desjarlais, Harry Lone Thunder, John Mantee, George Fox, Edward Moosomin, John Machiskinic, Joe Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 00307 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Kawacatoose First Nation Meadow Lake (Sask.) Regina (Sask.) Sweet Grass First Nation Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man First Nations Cree Kawacatoose First Nation Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head-Lean Man First Nations Saulteaux Storytelling Sweetgrass First Nation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Saskatchewan First Nation's oral history Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre #305 - 2555 Grasswood Road East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7T-0K1 Phone: (306) 244-1146 Email: library.services@sicc.sk.ca Website: https://www.sicc.sk.ca/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972/2007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saskatchewan 1972/2007 Language A language of the resource English Plains Cree Swampy Cree Woodland Cree Saulteaux Dene Dakota Nakota Lakota Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Voices of: Edward Fox, Sweet Grass, John Moosomin, Mosquito, Mr. and Mrs. George Mantee, Piapot, John Quinney, Frog Lake, Charly Buffalo Calf, Maple Creek, Theresa Hunter, Lestock, Mrs. Alex Kennedy, Little Pine, Mrs. Dorothy Pelletier, Yorkton, Mre. Agnes Desjarlais, Meadow Lake, Mrs. John Albert, Lestock, Thomas Asham, Pasqwa, John Rock Thunder, White Bear, Eli Bear, Little Pine, George Mantee. Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Story: "Kacaneses" unfaithful wife, (00:00-00:22) Story: Jealously, newly weds, (00:22-00:32) Story: Strong man, (00:32-00:36) Story: In-laws, (00:36-00:38) Story: Jealous man, (00:38-00:41) (Saulteaux) (00:41-00:45) Story: 3 short stories, (00:45-00:49) Story: House-cleaning woman, (00:49-00:53) Story: Duck tale, (00:00-00:05) Story: Indian agent, (00:05-00:09) Story: Bull fight, (00:09-00:20) Story: Elder's life story, (00:20-00:33) Story: Duck tale, (00:33-35) Story: Frog story, (00:35-00:37 ) Lying wife, (00:37-00:38). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Legends & Storytelling Cree & Saulteaux part 5/6 [Audio] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-03-28 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Fox, Edward Moosomin, John Mantee, George Mantee, Mrs. George Quinney, John Buffalo Calf, Charly Hunter, Theresa Kennedy, Mrs. Alex Pelletier, Dorothy Desjarlais, Agnes Albert, Mrs. John Asham, Thomas Rock Thunder, John Bear, Eli Mantee, George Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 00309 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Sweet Grass First Nation Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man First Nations Piapot First Nation Frog Lake First Nation Maple Creek (Sask.) Lestock (Sask.) Little Pine First Nation Yorkton (Sask.) Meadow Lake (Sask.) Pasqua First Nation White Bear First Nations Language A language of the resource Saulteaux Cree Little Pine First Nation Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head-Lean Man First Nations Pasqua First Nation Piapot First Nation Saulteaux Storytelling Sweetgrass First Nation White Bear First Nations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Saskatchewan First Nation's oral history Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre #305 - 2555 Grasswood Road East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7T-0K1 Phone: (306) 244-1146 Email: library.services@sicc.sk.ca Website: https://www.sicc.sk.ca/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972/2007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saskatchewan 1972/2007 Language A language of the resource English Plains Cree Swampy Cree Woodland Cree Saulteaux Dene Dakota Nakota Lakota Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Voices of: Edward Fox, Sweet Grass, John Moosomin, Mosquito, Joe Machiskinic, Poorman's, George Brass, Kamsack. Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Story: Horse- raiding party, "Ohoo" Indian warrior, captured by the Sioux, told by "Makesis" (00:00-00:37) Story: Woman killed by husband through jealously, marriage teachings, (00:37-00:50) Story: "Siskowton" a deformed young man, (00:50-01:09) story con't (00:00-00:09) (Saulteaux) )(00:09-00:25). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Legends & Storytelling Cree & Saulteaux part 1/6 [Audio] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-03-25 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Fox, Edward Moosomin, John Machiskinic, Joe Brass, George Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Language A language of the resource Cree Saulteaux Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 00305 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Sweetgrass First Nation Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man First Nations Kawacatoose First Nation Kamsack (Sask.) Cree Kawacatoose First Nation Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head-Lean Man First Nations Saulteaux Storytelling Sweetgrass First Nation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Saskatchewan First Nation's oral history Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre #305 - 2555 Grasswood Road East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7T-0K1 Phone: (306) 244-1146 Email: library.services@sicc.sk.ca Website: https://www.sicc.sk.ca/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972/2007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saskatchewan 1972/2007 Language A language of the resource English Plains Cree Swampy Cree Woodland Cree Saulteaux Dene Dakota Nakota Lakota Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Voices of: John Moosomin, (Age: 67), Mrs. Tom Moosomin (Born 76), Mrs. Baptiste Albert (Age: 72), Edward Fox (Age:81). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mosquito Reserve May 24, 1977 [Audio] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977-05-24 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Moosomin, John Moosomin, Tom, Mrs. Albert, Baptiste, Mrs. Fox, Edward Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 00385 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man First Nations Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head-Lean Man First Nations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Saskatchewan First Nation's oral history Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre #305 - 2555 Grasswood Road East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7T-0K1 Phone: (306) 244-1146 Email: library.services@sicc.sk.ca Website: https://www.sicc.sk.ca/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972/2007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saskatchewan 1972/2007 Language A language of the resource English Plains Cree Swampy Cree Woodland Cree Saulteaux Dene Dakota Nakota Lakota Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Voices of: Winona Frank (Born 1912; Age: 64), Victoria Snake (Dec 20; Age: 76), Joe Wahobin, Alec Simaganis, John Simaganis, David Stone, Abraham Stone, Mrs. Annie Stone, James Spyglass, Eva Wuttunee. Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview Life in early days and teachings, (00:00-12:00) (WF). Lifestyles different from long ago, (00:12-00:18) Young people, keep Traditional way of life, white influences, high prices, (00:18-00:31) Respect is diminishing, white influences are taking it's toll, (00:31-00:40) (qqStoneqq) (00:40-00:48) Residential school experiences, young people keep your Traditions intact, (00:48-00:58) War story, (00:58-01:04) Life story and experiences, worked in Indian hospital in Battleford, (01:04-01:13). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mosquito Reserve Mar. 23, 1976: Lectures by Mosquito Res [Audio] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-03-23 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Frank, Winona Snake, Victoria Wahobin, Joe Simaganis, Alec Simaganis, Joe Stone, David Stone, Abraham Stone, Annie Spyglass, James Wuttunee, Eva Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 00386 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man First Nations Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head-Lean Man First Nations Residential schools Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oral History Description An account of the resource Saskatchewan First Nation's oral history Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre #305 - 2555 Grasswood Road East Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7T-0K1 Phone: (306) 244-1146 Email: library.services@sicc.sk.ca Website: https://www.sicc.sk.ca/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972/2007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saskatchewan 1972/2007 Language A language of the resource English Plains Cree Swampy Cree Woodland Cree Saulteaux Dene Dakota Nakota Lakota Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 160kbps Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Voices of: Charlie Ryder- Fort Qu' Appelle, Percy Nahhexie, White Bear, John Moosomin, Edward Moosomin Mosquito Res., Mike Bert-Mosquito Res. William Yuzicappi, Fort Qu Appelle, John Goodwill, Fort Qu Appelle, Mrs. Dan Pelletier, Fort Qu Appelle, Wilfred Sammy, White Bear. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Part I: 01:00:02 Part II: 00:35:24 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview (Nakota, Dakota,) (English) (00:00-01:00) Second part, (00:00-00:35). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Assiniboine & Sioux Workshop part 1/4 [Audio] Subject The topic of the resource Nakoda Dakota Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-02-26 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ryder, Charlie Nahhexie, Percy Moosomin, John Moosomin, Edward Bert, Mike Yuzicappi, William Goodwill, John Pelletier, Dan, Mrs. Sammy, Wilfred Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 00016 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Fort Qu'appelle (Sask.) White Bear First Nations Mosquito, Grizzly Bear's Head, Lean Man First Nations Language A language of the resource Nakota Dakota Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Dakota Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head-Lean Man First Nations Nakoda White Bear First Nations